<p>The Rochester Downtown Historic District is a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places  in Rochester, Indiana, United States. It was placed on the Register on June 24, 2008. The majority of buildings in the area are masonry and Italianate while structures outside the district are largely residential frame built structures.</p><br>
<p>Rochester was founded as a trading post in 1831 between the European settlers and local Native Americans, along the old Michigan Road where it intersected Mill Creek. Most of the contributing buildings lie along the old Michigan Road, now Main Street, in a right-of-way pattern (the newer, non-contributing buildings do not follow this pattern).</p><br>
<p>Alexander Chamberlain built the first tavern-hotel in Rochester in 1835, the same year, he and Lot Bozarth filed a plat for the town of Rochester. In 1836, Cyrus Taber with William and George Ewing expanded the original plat south one block to include what is now the courthouse square. The first courthouse was built of wood in 1837 along with a jail. Rochester’s location on the Michigan Road contributed to continued growth. By 1840, there were several three story buildings and 300 residents.</p><br>
<p>The current courthouse was built in 1895-1896 and the old jail replaced in 1851. The Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago Railroad arrived in 1869, and brick became the norm for commercial construction.</p><br>
<p>Prominent buildings in the district include the Fulton County Courthouse (which is a Richardsonian Romanesque building also NRHP-listed), a water tower, Rochester City Hall & Fire Department, post office, and telephone company.</p><br>
<p>The limestone courthouse, which was already on the National Register as of September 22, 2000, is located on Ninth Street. Four different memorials are on its grounds: one for the Pottawatomies&#39; Trail of Death, a cornerstone for the Rochester College, and two war memorials. Although most of the buildings in the district are constructed of brick, after the construction of the courthouse, with its rusticated limestone construction, it is believed that other buildings were renovated to match the courthouse using faux stone that was cemented to their brick structures; the Masonic Temple is reflective of this. Limestone is also used on the name blocks of buildings. The historic fire department has an engraved limestone name block above its door. The city hall not only has a similar limestone name block, but the right and left bays of the hall have limestone diamonds above them.</p><br>
<h2>Significant Buildings</h2><br>
<p>All structures are historically contributing towards the Historic District Status, unless otherwise noted. An ‘O’ rating signifies that the structure had enough historic or architectural significance to be considered for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The ‘N’ rating signifies that the structure is above average and may, with further investigation be eligible for an individual listing. The ‘C’ or contributing rating signifies that the structure meet the basic inventory qualifications, but fails to meet individual merit, but in combination with other closely placed similar structures warrants inclusion in an historic district.</p><br>
<p>East Eight St</p><br>
<p>118-22 – Centennial Block, Italianate, 1876 (N) Built during the nations centennial year, the Centennial Building was built for Feder and Silberberg clothing. Additionally, the Red Man Lodge met here and the Rochester Sentinel operated from this building from its founding until 1924. The Sentinel is the oldest business operating in the county.</p><br>
<p>Main St</p><br>
<p>714-12 – Dillon Building, Neo-Classical, c. 1915, (N)</p><br>
<p>730-28 – Mammoth Building, Italianate, 1869, (N) The Mammoth Building was built in 1869 by William Ritters and used by the Mason.</p><br>
<p>800 – J.Dawson Building, Italianate, 1872 (C)</p><br>
<p>800 block – Fulton County Courthouse, Richardsonian Romanesque, 1896; Architect: A.W. Rush & Son; Building: J.E. Gibson (N)</p><br>
<p>802 – Rochester Bank Building, Italianate, 1887 (C)</p><br>
<p>830-28 – I.O.O.F. Block; Indeterminate, 1870 (NC)</p><br>
<p>831 – Historical Marker, Commemorates Founding of Rochester College, 1895, (N) “In 1893 a public spirited group of businessmen and educators decided that Rochester, Indiana was a strategic location for a Normal College. Those who spearheaded the promotion were Dr. W.S. Shafer, Prof. George Suman and Prof. W.H. Banta. The Institution site was at the south end of College Avenue. The Corner stone was laid June 27 and the building dedicated November 29, 1895. It was constructed of brick and stone, of Norman design. It consisted of a full basement and three floors, which accommodated 400 students. Prof. Banta was the first President. In 1908 Prof. F.A. Herrington succeeded him. Miss Flo Delp was long time secretary. The College closed its doors in 1912 because of financial problems.</p><br>
<p>RHD 800 Block Main Street P9270561.jpgMain Street, west of the courthouse</p><br>
<p>RHD Rochester College P9270549.jpgRochester College Historic Marker</p><br>
<p>RHD Courthouse P9270547.jpgFulton County Courthouse</p><br>
<p>The North Irvington Gardens Historic District is a neighborhood and national historic district in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The district was placed on the register for three reasons. First, it reflects residential development trends during its time of significance. Second, noted author Margaret Weymouth Jackson lived in the district between World War I and World War II. Finally, it reflects the various styles used in residence in a "textbook" manner, particularly "small houses".</p><br>
<p>One of the prominent structures in the district is Harolds Steer-In, built in 1951. It is a contributing building even though it was built one year after the era of notability. Originally named Northways Restaurant when it opened in 1951, it became Laughners Cafeteria from the mid-1950s to 1964, at which time it gained the name Harold&#39;s Steer-In. It has remained open since then except for three weeks in 2004 when it seemed to have closed for good until two employees invested in the restaurant and reopened it in time for a special Thanksgiving Day feast for loyal customers. It is one of the few surviving authentic drive-ins left in Indianapolis. Peyton Manning once filmed a commercial for MasterCard in the building in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Irvington Development Organization was the driving force in obtaining National Register status for the district. Money from a Preserve America grant given to the organization funded this effort.</p><br>
<p>The Washington Park Historic District is a national historic district located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Washington Park was annexed by the city of Indianapolis in 1906. The streets would not be paved until November 1916, with 43rd Street not having sidewalks and pavement until 1923. The apartments in the district, built in the 1920s and 1930, attracted young professionals who not only liked the neighborhood, but saw it as "prestigious".</p><br>
<p>The buildings in the district are a church (Holy Trinity Hellenic Greek Orthodox Church), two duplexes, a four-unit apartment building, eight doubles, 101 single houses, most of which were built before World War II, and two non-contributing (historically) brick houses built in 1986 and 1987 that do not contrast with the other buildings. Many of the contributing buildings are of different Revival architectural styles, particularly from Europe: Classical, Colonial Revival, Italian Renaissance, and Tudor Revival.</p><br>
<p>Of particular note is the Harry Hartley house, which was based on Château de Malmaison, a residence of Napoleon Bonaparte. Harry Hartley sent architect William Earl Russ to the original in France to replicate the French chalet in a smaller form, in effect creating a Napoleon complex in Indianapolis.</p><br>
<p>Another prominent building is the home of United States Senator Albert J. Beveridge. It was here that he wrote his biography of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, which won a Pulitzer Prize.</p><br>
<p>The Tippecanoe Twp. District No. 3 Schoolhouse and Cemetery is a place on the National Register of Historic Places in Tippecanoe, Indiana. It was placed on the Register on June 24, 2008.</p><br>
<p>A.H. Buckham donated the land that comprised the cemetery and school. The burial of his son Hiram in 1844 at the site established the cemetery, with the school built years later. The cemetery&#39;s northeast corner marks the highest point of the hill and Marshall County.</p><br>
<p>The school is a Greek Revival structure, built around 1860. It is a single story frame house, with an area of 25 feet by 30 feet. In 1910 a 12 foot by 13 foot cloak room was added to the structure. There were earlier outhouses for both boys and girls, but when the new WPA outhouse was built in the 1930s, it was a single stall with four feet of total area. The school was built towards the end of a decade where Indiana, following their 1851 state constitution being ratified, stressed the importance of increasing public schools of Indiana, resulting in the number of Hoosier students in public schools going from 161 to 882 in 1858, with only fifteen percent to the districts in the state without public schools.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is still an active cemetery.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 and 2002 a restoration project was begun on the school and outhouse, under the guidance of the Wythougan Valley Preservation Council, a local historic preservation group. A previous student of the schools told the renovators where to properly place the teachers deck and map stand, and desks of the appropriate area were placed within. Both buildings were repainted, with roof improvements as well.</p><br>
<p>The Crawford-Gilpin House is a place on the National Register of Historic Places in Martinsville, Indiana, United States, thirty-four miles southeast of Indianapolis. It was placed on the Register on June 24, 2008. It made the list due its brick Italianate structure being among the finest in Martinsville/Morgan County, and for being the home of many prominent leaders in Martinsville history.</p><br>
<p>James Crawford, who had served the community of Martinsville as justice of the peace and built the first brick church in the town, had owned the property where the house was built since 1837; he was a "wheelhorse" who helped lead the local Whig Party into competitiveness against the majority Democratic Party of Morgan County. In 1862 he and his wife built the house, only to sell it later that year to Israel Gilpin, who operated one of Martinsville&#39;s first industries, a wool mill complementing the previous Martinsville industries of pork packing and shipping.</p><br>
<p>In 1870 the Gilpins sold the house to a farmer named John Buckner, who in turn sold it in 1889 to the Clapper family who held it until 1926. Car dealers Howard and Doris Daily owned it from 1926 to 1930, losing it due to Howard wagering it in a poker game. It then moved to the Sedwick family until 1945, when it was sold back to Doris Daily. Since Daily&#39;s death, it has changed ownership thrice, most recently in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Crawford-Gilpin House is a two-story brick and limestone Italianate structure on a brick foundation. A carriage house built with the house also still stands. The Morgan County Historical Preservation Society has awarded the current owners a grant for fixing storm shutters and porch trim.</p><br>
<p>The DeForest Skinner House or Skinner Homestead, is a place on the National Register of Historic Places in Valparaiso, Indiana. It was placed on the Register on June 24, 2008. Built around 1860, it is a two-story carpentered Italianate structure with a double brick foundation, weatherboard walls, and asphalt roof, located three blocks north of the Porter County Courthouse. The register listing includes a carriage stepping stone by the north porch, with the family name upon it.</p><br>
<p>DeForest Skinner acquired the recently built house around the time he married Rachel Ann Maxwell in 1861. Skinner had arrived in Valparaiso in 1847 at age eleven with his parents John and Emily Skinner; he displayed business acumen early in life as he worked for various commercial interests. From 1874 to 1878, as a member of the Republican Party, he served as a member of the Indiana Senate. Then in 1880 and 1888 he represented his area at the Democratic National Conventions. He also served as the President of the First National Bank from 1887 until his death in 1902. He was also Indianas representative at the Worlds Congress of Bankers in 1893. Furthermore, he was on the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railroad&#39;s board of directors. His death in 1902 occurred in the house.</p><br>
<p>Upon Skinners death, the house was under control of his son Leslie Reid Skinner, born in 1873. Leslie became the railroads director after his father&#39;s death, making him the youngest railroad director in the United States. Leslie and his wife sold the house in 1919 to Louis Szold, who lived in the house until 1946. Szold started renting out the house in 1930, and subsequent owners continued to use the house as apartments until December 2005, when current owners Kirk and Caroline Conner began renovating the house.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Districts and Structures</h2><br>
<p>Conrad and Catherine Bloch House</p><br>
<p>Haste-Crumpacker House</p><br>
<p>DeForest Skinner House Built in 1860, it is of Italianate design.</p><br>
<p>Heritage Hall Built in 1875 as Flint Hall, to day, it is part of the Law School.</p><br>
<p>Immanuel Lutheran Church In 1862by a German congregation, the church is today known as Heritage Lutheran Church.</p><br>
<p>Dr. David J. Loring Residence and Clinic Built in 1906, this house served Dr. Loring as a home and a business.</p><br>
<p>William McCallum House</p><br>
<p>Charles S. and Mary McGill House</p><br>
<p>Porter County Jail and Sheriff&#39;s House The residence was built in 1860 and the jail was added in 1871. Today, the Historical Society of Porter County has the County Museum in the Jail.</p><br>
<p>Porter County Memorial Opera Hall The Memorial Opera House opened in 1893 as a monument to the men who served during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>David Garland Rose House</p><br>
<p>DeForest Skinner House Built in 1860, it is of Italianate design.</p><br>
<p>Valparaiso Downtown Commercial District</p><br>
<p>Josephus Wolf House, outside of city limits, with Valparaiso address.</p><br>
<p>Weil Hall  is a historic building at Stadium Road and Gale Lemerand Drive  on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida, United States. On June 24, 2008, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Built in sections between 1947 and 1949, it was designed by the Florida Board of Control&#39;s third architect Guy Fulton in the Collegiate Gothic architectural style begun by William Augustus Edwards the first BOC architect in 1905 and continued by his successor Rudolph Weaver, the second BOC architect. It was to be, however, one of the last buildings on campus to remain true to that style. It was named for Joseph Weil, dean of the College of Engineering.</p><br>
<p>Weil Hall houses the College of engineering deans and also various departments. Civil Engineering and Industrial Engineering are the two predominant colleges that occupy the building. Every year the colleges students host an event called "Pig Fest" were the two departments students celebrate the school year&#39;s end and compete in various games for dominance and kingdom of Weil Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Hub, formerly known as the UF Bookstore, is a historic building on Stadium Road between Buckman Drive and Fletcher Drive on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida in the United States. On June 24, 2008, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1949-1950 and designed by Andrew Ferendino of the Miami architectural firm of Russell T. Pancoast and Associates, as directed by Florida Board of Control architect Guy Fulton and UFs consulting architect Jefferson Hamilton, it was UFs first departure from the Collegiate Gothic architectural style that had prevailed on the campus since the first buildings, Buckman and Thomas, were built in 1905. It originally housed the campus bookstore, post office, barber shop, soda fountain, and movie theater.</p><br>
<p>Prior to moving to the J. Wayne Reitz Union in 2003, the university&#39;s bookstore and ID card services were both located at The Hub. A small food court was set up on the first floor and the "Technology Hub" selling computer accessories and software was on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Hub underwent a $10.8 million renovation, reopening in April 2007. The renovation added various computer and videoconferencing equipment, a 10,000 ft&sup2; open wireless Internet area, a Starbucks, and group and individual study rooms. The Office of Academic Technology and the International Center (study abroad) moved to the Hub following the renovation.</p><br>
<p>Yulee Area  is a historic residence hall area at 13th Street and Inner Road, SW, on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, Florida in the United States. It is the site of the first permanent dormitories built for women after the campus became co-educational in 1947. On June 24, 2008, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1950, the four story Mallory, Reid and Yulee halls were designed by Florida Board of Control architect Guy Fulton in a simple, contemporary style in keeping with the board&#39;s mandate not to use the more expensive Collegiate Gothic architectural style that had prevailed on campus since its creation in 1905. Fulton, though, did manage to unify the new buildings with the older ones by using the same basic materials of "clay roof tiles, redbrick and stone or concrete trim." Mallory was named for Angela Mallory, wife of USA Senator and Confederate cabinet member Stephen Mallory, Reid was named for Mary Martha Reid, a prominent Confederate nurse during the American Civil War, and Yulee was named for Nancy Wycliffe Yulee, daughter of Kentucky Governor and USA Postmaster General Charles A. Wickliffe and wife of USA Senator David Levy Yulee. These were the first UF buildings to be named for women, albeit in two cases for women whose prominence was based mainly on that of their fathers or husbands.</p><br>
<h2>Yulee Hall</h2><br>
<p>Yulee Hall, the flagship dormitory of the area, contains 94 rooms in single, double and triple style and can house 177 students. It is co-ed by floor. The Yulee area office is located on the first floor of the dorm.</p><br>
<h3>Global Living Learning Community</h3><br>
<p>The hall is home to the Global Living Learning Community, a program designed to teach residents cultural awareness and keep them in touch with current global events while preparing them to be world leaders.</p><br>
<h2>Mallory Hall</h2><br>
<p>Mallory Hall contains 91 rooms in single, double and triple style and can hold 175 students. It was the last remaining women-only hall until fall of 2004 when it became co-ed by floor.</p><br>
<h2>Reid Hall</h2><br>
<p>Reid Hall contains 86 rooms in single, double and triple style and can house 166 students. It is co-ed by floor.</p><br>
<h3>Fine Arts Living Learning Community</h3><br>
<p>Located across Inner Road from the College of Fine Arts, Reid is also home to the Fine Arts Living Learning Community, a program designed to nurture students in the visual and performing arts programs.</p><br>
<p>The Miller House and Garden, also known as Miller House, is a Mid-Century modern home designed by Eero Saarinen and located in Columbus, Indiana, United States.</p><br>
<p>The residence, commissioned by American industrialist, philanthropist, and architecture patron J. Irwin Miller and his wife Xenia Simons Miller in 1953, is now owned by the Indianapolis Museum of Art. Miller supported modern architecture in the construction of a number of buildings throughout Columbus, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Design and construction on the Miller House took four years and was completed in 1957. The home was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the home and gardens, along with many of the original furnishings, were donated to the Indianapolis Museum of Art by members of the Miller family. In addition to Eero Saarinen, the house and gardens showcases the work of leading 20th-century figures such as interior designer Alexander Girard, landscape architect Dan Kiley, and principal design associate at the Saarinen office, Kevin Roche.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>As a friend of J. Irwin and Xenia Miller, Eero Saarinen had first designed a summer house in the Muskoka region of Ontario, Canada, for the family and was then asked to conceptualize and build the Miller House in Columbus, Indiana. The Millers wanted a home in which they could entertain heads of states and titans of industry. At about 6,838 square feet, the Miller House is one of very few single family homes that Saarinen designed.</p><br>
<p>The Miller House epitomizes the modernist architectural tradition developed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe with its open and flowing layout, flat roof, and stone and glass walls.</p><br>
<p>A grid pattern of skylights, supported by sixteen free-standing cruciform steel columns, show concern for the play of light and shadow.</p><br>
<p>The completed house was photographed in 1958 by Ezra Stoller for an article that appeared in The Architecture Forum. The Millers made only minor changes to the house over the years, including the removal of an interior wall in order to enlarge a guest room.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape architecture</h2><br>
<p>Saarinen brought in landscape architect Dan Kiley, with whom he had worked on the St. Louis Gateway Arch. Kiley wanted the landscape to be an extension of the home, loosely divided into four sections extending from the corresponding sections of the house, each with its own identity. The Miller House is an example of residential landscape design that puts a modernist face on formal European gardens, which rely on symmetry and geometry.</p><br>
<p>The plot of land, bounded by the Flatrock River on the west and Washington Street on the east, measures about 13.5 acres.</p><br>
<p>An allée of horse chestnut trees lines the entry drive, which reveals the house slowly as one approaches. The Millers did not want their home to be an imposing object in the landscape from the entrance of their property or from their neighbors homes. Gridded blocks of apple trees are present on the lawn farther east. The easternmost edge of the property is planted with staggered blocks of arborvitae, creating a hedge that serves as a porous boundary. The garden areas to the north of the house were originally planted with redbuds, which were later replaced with crabapples. In the southwest corner there is a swimming pool also surrounded by arborvitae hedges.</p><br>
<p>One of the most notable features of the landscape design is the allée of honey locust trees that runs along the west side of the house which frames the view of the meadow and the river beyond it. The allée received a terminus at each end in subsequent years: Henry Moore’s Draped Reclining Woman at the north end, and a bas relief by Jacques Lipchitz at the south. As part of a landscape renovation conducted by Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Inc. of Cambridge, MA, the Honey Locust allée was replanted in the Spring of 2008. The iconic Moore sculpture was sold and removed from garden following Xenia Miller&#39;s death in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Interior design</h2><br>
<p>Architect and interior designer Alexander Girard worked closely with the Millers to furnish the residence. His choices for fabrics, textiles, furniture, and ornaments are said to bring warmth and color to the rectilinearity and geometry of the house.</p><br>
<p>Girard designed a 50-foot storage wall made up of cabinets, bookshelves, and niches that allow equipment to remain hidden while the Millers&#39; eclectic objects can be displayed. Some of these objects included folk art from Mexico, Asia and Eastern Europe. He designed patterns for many of the curtains in the house, as well as several rugs. One of the latter is composed of emblems that represent family history and interests. His designs for cushions for the dining room chairs feature the initials of family members. Girard is credited with suggesting the idea of the conversation pit, which eliminates the look of cluttered seating in the expansive living room, reinforcing the linearity of the architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Academy of Medicine in midtown Atlanta, Georgia was built in 1941 and housed the Medical Association of Atlanta until the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is also designated as a historic building by the City of Atlanta.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The Academy was designed by the Atlanta architecture firm of Hentz, Adler & Shutze, with R. Kennon Perry the project architect and Philip Trammell Shutze the supervising principal. The building was intended as a meeting place for Atlanta physicians. Shutze&#39;s austerely classical design is reminiscent of the work of John Soane and Benjamin Latrobe.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>By the 1970s, the building had fallen into disrepair. The building was renovated in 1983 and is used by the public as well as the medical profession.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, Atlanta Medical Heritage, Inc. donated the Academy of Medicine to the Georgia Tech Foundation, Inc. due to lack of resources to maintain the facility. The Georgia Tech Foundation accepted the gift on behalf of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and the building’s name, Academy of Medicine, must be retained. Additionally, the properties’ designation on the National Register of Historic Places, prevents the university from redeveloping the site or undergoing any improvements inconsistent with the Academy’s historical significance.</p><br>
<p>The property is undergoing restoration for community and campus use, and has been retrofitted to serve the larger community as an event facility. The spacious auditorium provides seating for 250, ideal for ceremonies, seminars, musical performances or lectures. Historic Academy of Medicine has a spacious central rotunda with a gorgeous domed ceiling from which the chandelier from "Gone With the Wind" hangs, which host weddings.</p><br>
<p>The Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant at 699 Ponce de Leon Avenue in the Poncey-Highland neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia was the headquarters of the Ford Motor Company&#39;s southeastern US operations from 1915 to 1942. As a result of good sales in Atlanta, and a desire to decentralize production, Ford established a combined assembly, sales, service and administration facility on Ponce de Leon Avenue, selling a peak of 22,000 vehicles per year. The assembly plant produced Model Ts, Model As and V-8s until 1942, when the plant was sold to the War Department and a new plant was opened in the Atlanta suburb of Hapeville.</p><br>
<p>The 150,000 ft&sup2; building was designed by Ford&#39;s in-house architect, John Graham. An office block in the front was backed by a multi-story loft-style assembly plant.</p><br>
<p>The War Department used the building as a storage depot and as administrative offices. Sold for development in 1979, the building is now known as Ford Factory Square or the Ford Factory Lofts and is occupied by apartments and retail shops. Architects for the adaptive reuse project were Bradfield Associates.</p><br>
<p>The Kroger supermarket at the Ford Factory is inspiration for the meme Murder Kroger.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Atlanta Biltmore Hotel and Biltmore Apartments, located at 817 West Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia, were developed by William Candler, son of Coca-Cola executive Asa Candler, with Holland Ball Judkins, and John McEntee Bowman. The original hotel building was converted to an office building in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Opened on April 19, 1924, the 11-story hotel and 10-story apartment building were constructed somewhat away from downtown Atlanta, in an area that became known as Midtown. Designed by the New York firm of Schultze and Weaver, the hotel was operated by Bowman-Biltmore Hotels.</p><br>
<p>The Atlanta Biltmore is easily distinguished by the towering radio masts on each end of the building, with vertical illuminated letters that spell out "BILTMORE". The studios on the top floor broadcast WSB-AM from 1925 until 1956. The large radio masts supported the transmitting antenna of WSB-AM from 1925 to 1929, when output power was increased to 5,000 watts, and a suburban transmitter site was built in East Lake.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, the Atlanta Biltmore was sold to Sheraton Hotels and became the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel. Sheraton spent $5 million on renovations before selling the hotel in 1979 to Biltmore Hospitality Partners. The hotel continued operating independently as the Atlanta Biltmore before finally closing in 1982. The hotel was sold again in 1984 to Renaissance Investment Corporation. They planned to convert both the smaller apartment tower and the enormous hotel tower to condominiums. They completed work on the apartment tower, but then went bankrupt in 1986 and had to sell the entire property. The newly renovated apartment tower was opened as the Biltmore Suites Hotel while the main building remained vacant for many years.</p><br>
<p>The complex was sold to Novare Group in January 1998, who gutted and transformed the main hotel building into office space, reopening it in 1999. Due to extensive renovations over the years, there were only two remaining historic public rooms, the two main floor ballrooms. They were fully restored and are used as public function rooms, known as The Biltmore Ballrooms. The adjoining Biltmore Suites Hotel was closed in 1998 and converted to condominiums known as Biltmore House, which opened in 1999.</p><br>
<p>On June 13, 2016, The Biltmore was purchased from Novare by the Georgia Institute of Technology.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tabor, 1,247 m, is a mountain 20 km east of Prince George, British Columbia, Canada adjacent to BC Highway 16. It rises about 550 m from the small portion of the Nechako Plateau that lies in the angle of the Fraser River and not part of the Cariboo Mountains which begin just to the east, the summit is the site of a former fire lookout tower and is the highest piece of relief in the Greater Prince George area .</p><br>
<p>The highest summit of a generally north-striking ridge between Prince George and the lowland of the Willow River, its summit has about 550m of relief from the surrounding terrain; Tabor Lake at its foot to the west is 705 m in elevation. As such, it has become the site of the small Tabor Mountain Ski Resort, which is one of Prince George&#39;s two local ski hills, the other being the small Hart Highlands Alpine Park on the north side of the city. East of the Willow River and just beyond the Bowron River, forty kilometres farther east, is Mount Purden, the site of Purden Ski Village and which is the northernmost summit of the Cariboo Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Roslyn Grist Mill is located along Old Northern Boulevard in Roslyn, New York, United States. It was built sometime before the mid-18th century and is one of the few surviving Dutch colonial commercial frame buildings in the USA Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, it is currently being restored for use as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The -story rectangular mill is 50 ft long by 25 ft wide. The original timber framing, which uses a series of transverse post and beam bents connected by sills and wall plates, differing from the traditional European grid pattern, is now covered in weatherboard. A -story wing is located to the west, above the race. A mill pond, incorporated into the Roslyn Village Historic District unlike the actual mill itself, is to the north, its outlet eventually feeding into Long Island Sound.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor has, in the past, been dropped about 12 ft below street level, due to the effect of tides and renovations on its footings. A hook-and-pulley double plank door is located in the center of the attic. Windows are irregularly located since many have been either added over time or boarded over. Some of the original milling equipment, mainly gears was still located inside as of 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A gristmill has existed on the site since the first decade of the 18th century, when John Robeson built on it. He in turn sold it to Jeremiah Williams, who is believed to have built the current mill sometime between 1715 and 1741. After another owner, it became the property of Hendrick Onderdonk, who already operated two paper mills in the settlement then known as Hempstead Harbor, in 1758.</p><br>
<p>He ran the mill profitably, and hosted George Washington, who mentions the mill in his diary, on a 1790 visit to the area. The Onderdonk family sold it in 1801 to Daniel Hoogland and Abraham Coles. They sold in 1849 to Joseph Hicks, whose family continued to operate it as a mill until 1916, when they converted it into a tea house and museum. That use continued until 1975, when the Nassau County parks department took it over.</p><br>
<h3>21st-century restoration</h3><br>
<p>During the county&#39;s ownership, the building remained vacant. No use or new tenant could be found, and it continued to deteriorate.</p><br>
<p>In the 2000s, Roslyn citizens got the county to begin restoration efforts that are eventually expected to cost $2 million, funded by the county, village, and matching contributions from the community. As part of the project, the mill will be brought back up to street level. When the work is complete, the county will transfer title to the village, which will let the Roslyn Landmark Society operate it as a museum of the water-powered industries like Onderdonk&#39;s that once were so numerous in the village.</p><br>
<p>Alexander Lake is a lake in South Central Alaska, located at head of Alexander Creek , 46 mi North of Tyonek, Alaska on Cook Inlet Low.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Alexander Creek (Susitna River) in turn drains into Cook Inlet on the Pacific Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Alexander Lake is known by Alaskan Natives for its Tree Squirrel population, calling it "Deldida Bena", (Tree Squirrel Lake).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alexander Lake reported in 1926 by Capps (1935, pl. 1), United States Geological Survey.</p><br>
<h3>Name</h3><br>
<p>Probably derived from Alexander Creek (Susitna River) which drains the lake.</p><br>
<p>Alexander Lake is also known as Deldida Bena ("Tree Squirrel Lake") by Alaska Natives.</p><br>
<p>The Coronado Apartments are an apartment building located on 3751&ndash;73 Second Avenue  in Midtown Detroit, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1980 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Coronado Apartments were built in 1894 by George D. Nutt, a prominent Detroit builder, The building was one of the first apartment buildings in Detroit built for affluent middle class citizens at a time when apartment living was just becoming socially acceptable. The Coronado remained a fashionable address until the 1930s, when declining demand for large apartments, and increased demand for smaller units, led the Coronados owners to divide the formerly spacious apartments in two. No further renovation was done until 1982, when the owners began a restoration and remodeling project.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Coronado is a four-story Romanesque apartment building built on a high basement. It is constructed of yellow brick and rusticated sandstone with a flat roof and architecturally designed elevations on both the Second and Selden avenues sides. The Second Avenue façade is primarily symmetrical, with three entrances and open loggias on the floors above each. The façade is terminated at the south end by a curved bay window and at the north (Selden) corner by a round turret. The building is divided horizontally, with rusticated sandstone forming the outer walls up through the second story, and yellow brick above. A broad cornice and wide panelled brick frieze, pierced with ventilation holes, tops the building.</p><br>
<p>The Abbey River is a backwater of the River Thames in England, near Chertsey, Surrey in its northern green buffers adjoining mixed-use flood plain. It runs from the point opposite the midpoint of Penton Hook Island to below Chertsey Lock and forms half of the watercourse boundaries of Laleham Burway, a larger, artificial island which contains Laleham Golf Course and a fresh water waterworks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The river, which was also known as Oxley, Oxlake or Oaklake Mill River was cut by the monks of Chertsey Abbey in the eleventh century to supply the mill closest to their monastery/abbey.</p><br>
<h3>Abbey</h3><br>
<p>This mill was one of several the institution owned in its vast Surrey estates &mdash; despite many sales of individual manors and small parcels of land to wealthy institutions, including Oxford and Cambridge Colleges (and Windsor Great Park at its greatest under Henry VIII, covering much of the land from Wokingham and Sandhurst, Berkshire to the River Wey). Underlining this immense wealth and the usefulness of an Abbey Mill for grain, the Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 gives the clear annual value (surplus) of the abbey as £659 15s. 8¾d. In 1608 there were two watermills on the river recorded as the Oaklake Mylles.</p><br>
<h3>Proposed as rival navigation</h3><br>
<p>In 1809 the millers offered the stream as the Thames navigation channel in concert with City of London Corporation building a weir to protect Chertsey and Shepperton, and other areas downstream, from floods as well as keeping water levels sufficiently deep, but the latter decided to pursue its own shorter route plans, so built Chertsey Weir and Lock. Much of the channel is lightly surrounded by trees and it is at most 980m from the River Thames.</p><br>
<p>The site of the abbey was bought in 1861 by Mr Bartrop, the secretary to the Surrey Archaeological Society who have their museum at Guildford Museum. Among the appurtenances of the site of the abbey included in its title were the "watermills known as the Oxlake or Okelake mills" and "a small river or brook known as the Abbey River or the Bargewater".</p><br>
<p>Becks Run is a tributary of the Monongahela River. As an urban stream, it is heavily polluted, receiving combined sewer outflow from Carrick  and Mount Oliver, Pennsylvania. There is a waterfall on a tributary, just downstream from a slate dump, near the intersection of Wagner Avenue and Mountain Avenue. There were coal mines along the stream, including Becks Run #2, owned by the estate of James H. Hays, served by an incline and the H.B. Hays and Brothers Coal Railroad. Other mines at various times were operated by the Birmingham Coal Company, H.G. Burghman, Jones & Laughlin, and the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company.</p><br>
<p>It is the namesake of the Pittsburgh and Beck&#39;s Run Railroad (1877-1880), which ran from the Smithfield Street Bridge to the Jones and Laughlin Iron Works, and was absorbed by the P&LE Railroad.</p><br>
<p>A former town, located where Becks Run enters the Monongahela, was also named Becks Run.</p><br>
<p>The Towers  is a research establishment for new technologies in cotton production. The Shirley Institute was established in 1920 at a cost of £10,000 to accommodate the newly formed British Cotton Industry Research Association. It is a Grade II* listed building in the suburb of Didsbury, located 6 mi south of Manchester, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in the period 1868&ndash;72, for an estimated cost of £50,000. The house was designed by Thomas Worthington, for the editor and proprietor of the Manchester Guardian, John Edward Taylor. The building was described by Pevsner as "grossly picturesque in red brick and red terra cotta."</p><br>
<h3>Manchester Ship Canal</h3><br>
<p>The Towers was once the home of the notable engineer Daniel Adamson &ndash; whose idea for the canalisation of the Rivers Irwell and Mersey resulted in the creation of the Manchester Ship Canal project which made the rivers into Manchester navigable for sea-going ships.</p><br>
<p>He invited representatives of several Lancashire towns, local businessmen and politicians, and two civil engineers, Hamilton Fulton and Edward Leader Williams. Fulton proposed a tidal canal, with no locks and a deepened channel into Manchester; Williams was in favour of a series of locks. Both engineers were invited to submit proposals, and Williams&#39; plans were selected to form the basis of a bill submitted to Parliament in November 1882. Because of intense opposition by Liverpool and the railway companies, the necessary enabling Act of Parliament was not passed until 6 August 1885. Certain conditions were attached: £5 million had to be raised, and the ship canal company had to buy both the Bridgewater Canal and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation within two years.</p><br>
<h3>Shirley Institute</h3><br>
<p>In 1920 it became the base of the Shirley Institute of the British Cotton Industry Research Association as a research centre dedicated to cotton production technologies.</p><br>
<p>A significant contribution to the purchase price of £10,000 was made by William Greenwood, the MP for Stockport, who asked that the building be named after his daughter, Shirley.</p><br>
<p>Broad Margin is a private residence in Greenville, South Carolina. The house was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and was built in 1954. It is one of two buildings designed by Wright in South Carolina .</p><br>
<p>It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The house is built into the slope of the 2 acre lot. It has 12 in concrete walls. It extensively uses cypress wood throughout including its ceiling of cypress boards. The house has polished red concrete floors. Copper tubes are embedded in the concrete floors to heat the house using hot water.</p><br>
<p>The cypress furniture was designed for the house. The doors and window frames were constructed on-site of cypress. The hardware is solid brass.</p><br>
<p>The house was documented with photographs and written historical data by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Broadway Theater District in Downtown Los Angeles is the first and largest historic theater district listed on the National Register of Historic Places. With twelve movie palaces located along a six-block stretch of Broadway, it is the only large concentration of movie palaces left in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Highest concentration of movie palaces in the world</h2><br>
<p>Stretching for six blocks from Third to Ninth Streets along South Broadway in Downtown Los Angeles, the district includes 12 movie theaters built between 1910 and 1931. By 1931, the district had the highest concentration of cinemas in the world, with seating capacity for more than 15,000 patrons. Broadway was the hub of L.A.&#39;s entertainment scene – a place where "screen goddesses and guys in fedoras rubbed elbows with Army nurses and aircraft pioneers."</p><br>
<p>Columnist Jack Smith called it "the only large concentration of vintage movie theaters left in America." Smith recalled growing up a mile from Broadway and spending his Saturdays in the theaters:"I remember walking into those opulent interiors, surrounded by the glory of the Renaissance, or the age of Baroque, and spending two or three hours in the dream world of the movies. When I came out again the sky blazed; the heat bounced off the sidewalk, traffic sounds filled the street, I was back in the hard reality of the Depression.</p><br>
<p>Because Broadway has been used as a filming location for decades, many of these theatre marquees can be seen in classic Hollywood films, including Safety Last! (1923), D.O.A. (1950), The Omega Man (1971), Blade Runner (1982), and The Artist (2011).</p><br>
<h2>Revitalization by Spanish-language cinema</h2><br>
<p>In the years after World War II, the district began to decline, as first-run movie-goers shifted to the movie palaces in Hollywood, in Westwood Village, and later to suburban multiplexes. After World War II, as Anglo moviegoers moved to the suburbs, many of the Broadway movie palaces became venues for Spanish-language movies and variety shows. In 1988, the Los Angeles Times noted that, without the Hispanic community, "Broadway would be dead." Jack Smith wrote that Broadway had been "rescued and revitalized" by "the Latino renaissance."</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and renovation efforts</h2><br>
<p>The district has been the subject of preservation and restoration efforts since the 1980s. In 1987, the Los Angeles Conservancy started a program called "Last Remaining Seats" in which the old movie palaces were opened each summer to show classic Hollywood movies. After attending a Conservancy screening, one writer noted: "The other night I went to the movies and was transported to a world of powdered wigs and hoop skirts, a rococo fantasy of gilded cherubs and crystal chandeliers. And then the film started."</p><br>
<p>Despite preservation efforts, many of the theaters have been converted to other uses, including flea markets and churches. The Broadway movie palaces fell victim to a number of circumstances, including changing demographics and tastes, a downtown location that was perceived as dangerous at night, and high maintenance costs for aging facilities. With the closure of the State Theater in 1998, the Orpheum and the Palace were the only two still screening films.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the Los Angeles Times wrote: "Of all of L.A.&#39;s many hidden gems, maybe none is as sparkling nor as hidden as the Broadway theater district downtown." Bemoaning the possible loss of such gems, the same writer noted: "L.A. gave birth to the movies. To lose the astonishing nurseries where the medium grew up would be tragic."</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the City of Los Angeles launched a $40-million campaign to revitalize the Broadway district, known as the "Bringing Back Broadway" campaign. Some Latino merchants in the district expressed concern that the campaign was an effort to spread the largely Anglo gentrification taking hold in other parts of downtown to an area that has become the citys leading Latino shopping district. A worker at one of the districts bridal shops noted, "On one side, I like the idea. The only thing is that I don&#39;t think they want our types of businesses."</p><br>
<h2>Surviving theaters on Broadway</h2><br>
<p>The twelve theaters in the Broadway District from north to south are:</p><br>
<p>Million Dollar Theater – Movie palace – Located at 307 S. Broadway, the Million Dollar Theater was built by Sid Grauman and opened in 1918. The theater was designed by architects Albert C. Martin and William Lee Woollett with a fanciful facade in the Churrigueresque style. After more than 30 years as one of the city&#39;s most prestigious first-run movie palaces, the Million Dollar Theater presented Spanish-language films and variety shows from 1950 until the late 1980s. The theater had a seating capacity of 2,345 when it opened in 1918. In 1925, Ben-Hur played for six months at the Million Dollar Theater.</p><br>
<p>Roxie Theatre – Movie palace – Located at 518 S. Broadway, the Roxie was built in 1932—the last of the movie palaces built on Broadway. The Roxie had a seating capacity of 1,600 when it opened and was noted for its Art Deco or Zigzag Moderne style, including its stepped roofline, angular grillwork, chevron ornament, and terrazzo sunburst in the sidewalk. The theater&#39;s sleek Streamline Moderne ticket booth was removed when the theater was converted to retail use.</p><br>
<p>Cameo Theater – Nickelodeon – Located at 528 S. Broadway, the Cameo opened in 1910 with a seating capacity of 775. Designed by Alfred Rosenheim in a Renaissance Revival style, the Cameo was originally known as Clune&#39;s Broadway. Until it closed in 1991, it was the oldest continuously operating movie theater in California. The Cameo has been converted into a swap meet-type market.</p><br>
<p>Arcade Theater – English-music-hall-style theater – Located at 534 S. Broadway, the Arcade opened in 1910 as a vaudeville house that was part of the Pantages vaudeville circuit. The Arcade was designed by Morgan & Walls in the Beaux Arts style with tripartite vertical division of the facade. Theater has been closed since 1992. Currently used as retail space.</p><br>
<p>Los Angeles Theatre – Movie Palace – Located at 615 S. Broadway, the Los Angeles opened in 1931 for the premiere of Charlie Chaplin&#39;s City Lights. Columnist Jack Smith wrote that the Los Angeles Theater was "palatial beyond the dreams of a prince" with a lobby that suggested "nothing less than the glory of Versailles.". Current capacity: 1,931.</p><br>
<p>Palace Theatre – Vaudeville theater and movie palace – Located at 630 S. Broadway, the Palace opened in 1911 with a seating capacity of 2,200. It was an Orpheum vaudeville theater from 1911–1926 and is the oldest remaining Orpheum theater in the United States. The structure was designed by G. Albert Lansburgh based on a Florentine early Renaissance palazzo. The brick facade includes multi-colored terra-cotta swags and four panels depicting the muses of vaudeville sculpted by Domingo Mora. It is also owned by the Broadway Theatre Group. Current capacity: 1,068.</p><br>
<p>State Theatre – Vaudeville theater and movie palace – Located at 703 S. Broadway, The State opened in 1921 with a seating capacity of 2,450. The theater offered both film and vaudeville when it opened. Judy Garland performed at the theater as part of the Gumm Sisters in 1929. Designed by Charles Weeks and William Day, the 12-story Loew&#39;s State is said to be the largest brick-clad structure in Los Angeles. In 1998, Metropolitan Theaters stopped showing movies at the State and leased the space to the Universal Church. As of 2015 the State is owned by the Broadway Theatre Group and is leased by the Cathedral of Faith for use as a church.</p><br>
<p>Globe Theatre – Legitimate theater – Located at 744 S. Broadway, the Globe opened in 1913 as the Morosco Theatre, with a seating capacity of 782. Built for impresario Oliver Morosco and designed by the architectural firm of Morgan, Walls & Morgan, it was used for full-scale live dramatic theater. It was converted into a movie theater during the Great Depression and later served as a Spanish-language movie theater. The building was converted into a swap meet in 1987., construction to restore it to use as an entertainment venue is ongoing. The restored marquee was relit June 24, 2014. The Globe is now a multipurpose space for music, theatrical events and films. Current capacity: 2,000.</p><br>
<p>Tower Theatre – Movie theater – Located at 802 S. Broadway, the Tower opened in 1927 with a seating capacity of 1,000. It was the first of more than 70 theaters designed by S. Charles Lee, who described the Tower as a "modified French Renaissance" design. It was the first movie theater in Downtown Los Angeles equipped to accommodate talking pictures. It is now owned by the Broadway Theatre Group. Current capacity: 314</p><br>
<p>Rialto Theater – Movie theater – Located at 812 S. Broadway, the Rialto opened as Quinn&#39;s Rialto, a nickelodeon, in 1917. It was purchased by Sid Grauman in 1919, the year after he opened the Million Dollar Theater. Today the theater is home to an Urban Outfitters store.</p><br>
<p>Orpheum Theatre – Vaudeville theater and movie palace – Located at 842 S. Broadway, the Orpheum opened in 1926 as the fourth Los Angeles home for the Orpheum vaudeville circuit. Architect G. Albert Lansburgh designed the François Premier style interior. The Orpheum has hosted performances by Jack Benny, Eddie Cantor, Sophie Tucker, Will Rogers, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, the Marx Brothers, and Lena Horne. The Orpheum has also been featured in the Guns N Roses video, "November Rain," and in the Sean Penn-produced video for Jewels "You Were Meant for Me". In 2006, the film Dreamgirls was shot at the Orpheum. The television series So You Think You Can Dance and American Idol have used the Orpheum for Los Angeles auditions, and Idol has televised its early elimination rounds from the theater.</p><br>
<p>United Artists Theater (now The Theatre at Ace Hotel) – Movie palace – Located at 933 S. Broadway, the United Artists opened in 1927 with a seating capacity of 2,214. It was the showcase for movies from the United Artists group created in 1919 by Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and D.W. Griffith. The theater was designed by C. Howard Crane, with Walker & Eisen, in a Gothic style inspired by a church in Segovia, Spain. The columns feature terra cotta capitals carved with film and theater themed grotesques. The interior includes a series of frescoes and murals by the firm of Anthony Heinsbergen. In 1990, the United Artists Theater was restored by Gene Scotts L.A. University Church; Scott called on his television flock to come to Los Angeles to help with the restoration. Scotts famous "Jesus Saves" sign was placed on the back side of the building to avoid interfering with the original facade. In 2013 the upper floors of the building were renovated into a boutique hotel, the Ace Los Angeles; the auditorium has been returned to use as a concert venue and theater.</p><br>
<h3>Other surviving theaters in the vicinity</h3><br>
<p>Warner Bros. Downtown Theatre – Vaudeville theater and movie palace – Located at 401 W. 7th St (northwest corner of South Hill and West 7th St). Opening on August 17, 1920, it was originally called the Pantages Theatre, but was renamed Warner Bros. Downtown Theatre in 1930 after the Hollywood Pantages Theatre was opened. The exterior has an imposing domed corner tower, flanked by twin facades on 7th and Hill. Later in the 1960s, it was known as the Warrens Theatre. It currently houses a jewelry store.</p><br>
<p>Olympic Theatre – Movie palace – Located at 313 W. 8th St, half a block from S. Broadway, it originally opened in 1927 as Bard&#39;s 8th Street Theatre, converted from a restaurant. For a time, it had a second entrance on Broadway. After a period as a chandelier store, COS, a higher-end brand of H&M, began remodeling the store in 2016.</p><br>
<p>Mayan Theater – Vaudeville theater and movie palace – Located at 1014 South Hill Street. Opened in August 1927 and now designated a Historic Cultural Monument, the Mayan is currently used as a nightclub. Current capacity: 1,491</p><br>
<p>Belasco Theatre – Legitimate theater – Located at 1050 South Hill Street, adjacent to the Mayan. Built by the Belasco brothers, and designed by Morgan, Walls and Clements. It served as a church from 1950 to 1987, renovations were completed in 2011 to modernize the sound and lighting systems. Current capacity: 1,601.</p><br>
<p>Blakeley, near Charles Town, West Virginia is also known as the Washington - Chew - Funkhouser House, and was built in 1820 by John Augustine Washington II, great-nephew of George Washington and son of John Augustine Washington. It is a contemporary of its neighbor, Claymont Court, built across Bullskin Run by John&#39;s brother, Bushrod Corbin Washington. John Washington did not attempt to match the grandeur of Claymont Court, as he was in line to inherit Mount Vernon, and did so in 1829.</p><br>
<p>Upon Johns death at Mount Vernon in 1832, his son, Richard Blackburn Washington, inherited Blakeley. In 1844 Richard married his cousin, Christian Washington of Harewood. In 1859, Richard was part of the posse that pursued John Browns Raiders. After the death of Richards brother John Augustine Washington III in 1861 while fighting for the Confederacy, Johns eight orphaned children came to live at Blakeley, joining Richard and Christian Washington&#39;s seven. In 1864 Blakeley was extensively damaged by fire, but was rebuilt by Richard. In 1875 Richard was forced to sell Blakeley and moved with his family to Harewood.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by Louise Fontaine Washington Chew, the niece of Richard B. Washington. Chew&#39;s husband, Colonel R. Preston Chew was a local businessman, the president of the Charles Town Mining, Manufacturing and Improvement Company. The house was then sold in 1892 to John Burns, a local farmer and community leader.</p><br>
<p>Blakeley was purchased in 1943 by industrialist Raymond J. Funkhouser, who undertook its restoration. Funkhouser had also purchased Claymont Court, which he used as his residence. It was Funkhouser who, feeling that a Washington house should be more grand, and wishing to complement Claymont Court, added the two-story portico. The interior was more carefully renovated, and in keeping with the historical record.</p><br>
<p>Kepler Lake  is a reservoir located in Northwest Louisiana, USA. It is about 5 mi from Castor, 4 mi from Jamestown, 6 mi from Bienville and about 12 mi from Gibsland, Louisiana. Kepler is an open lake available for fishing and boating. Kepler&#39;s spillway drains into Black Lake Bayou which drains into Black Lake in Natchitoches Parish. Piney Woods Road is the only road that crosses Kepler. The Kepler spillway is located on the south side of the lake. Kepler has several boat launches and landings used for camping. Construction of the spillway was completed in 1958.</p><br>
<p>Kepler is home to a variety of wildlife ranging from alligators, bass, bream, perch, gar, and most notably its catfish.</p><br>
<p>Kepler has many houses on its banks. People who live about the waterway are referred to as the Kepler Lake Community. The Kepler Lake Community have Jamestown addresses and ZIP Codes but Castor phone numbers and live within the Castor district of the Bienville Parish School Board.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape</h2><br>
<p>Kepler Lake is small in comparison to other lakes in Louisiana. At the main boat launch—near the spillway—one can see across the entirety of the lake to the white-concrete Piney Woods road bridge. Channels have been cut into Kepler Lake to ensure boaters do not run their boats onto stumps. In recent years, there have been extensive draining of Kepler just to remove the stumps.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kepler&#39;s coordinates are N 32.31682 and W -93.1535 and its altitude is 171 feet (52 m).</p><br>
<p>Little Fork Church stands on a low knoll to the east of State Route 229 nine miles north of Culpeper, Virginia in a small grove of trees that enhances its naturally pastoral setting. The name Little Fork is taken from the junction of the Hazel and Rappahannock Rivers relatively close to the edifice. It is a large room church being 83 ½ feet east-west and 33 ½ feet north-south. Unlike most rectangular churches in Virginia, the pulpit stands directly north of the southern entrance door that is placed in the middle of the southern wall rather than in the far southeast of the building. Thus it shows some of the architectural characteristics of middle colony meeting houses such as those in Delaware as well as the Virginia Vernacular Church and the deep church.</p><br>
<h2>Parish affiliation</h2><br>
<p>Following the British retreat from Virginia this colonial church was abandoned by the Anglicans. Located in the area known as the Village Of Oak Shade, it was used by Methodists and referred to as Oak Shade Church. Descendants still living in the Culpeper and Rappahannock area continue to refer to the church as the "Oak Shade Church". The Oak Shade Church had a cemetery where burials were performed in the early 1800s, that can no longer be located on church grounds. When the Methodist congregation offered to renovate the decaying building, ownership was then reclaimed by the Episcopalians. A full scale renovation took place in the 1970s, including relocation of the memorial to the local Little Fork Rangers cavalry unit, to the side yard of the church.</p><br>
<p>It was attached to St. Mark’s Parish that, like most early parishes in Virginia, changed its suzerainty and geographic range as counties became established by partitioning earlier counties due to population growth or shifts. Its creation and history are:</p><br>
<p>St. Mark’s Parish formed from St. George’s Parish 1730-31</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas’s Parish in Orange County partitioned from St. Mark’s Parish in 1740</p><br>
<p>Culpeper County formed out of Orange County in 1748</p><br>
<p>Little Fork was a chapel of ease for the parish, and thus was never the lower, or main, parish church. It is the only remaining colonial church in the county.</p><br>
<h2>General architecture</h2><br>
<p>It is a church of late construction, begun in 1773 and completed in 1776, having characteristics of a rectangular church combined with the contemporary, two story churches of Northern Virginia that stretch in a geographic swath from Falls Church to St. Paul&#39;s, King George County. It retains elements such as orientation, south and west doorways, compass windows, and Flemish bond, yet includes elements such as a deep church configuration, a hipped roof, movement of southern door to the center of the southern wall, classical door pediments, and a pulpit on the northern wall opposite the southern doorway. It lacks elements of deep churches in Northern Virginia such as two tiered windows and cruciform structure. The general doorway plan and placement of the pulpit is remarkably similar to that of Lamb’s Creek Church, designed by the same architect, and resembles several extant middle colony meeting houses.</p><br>
<p>Unlike most colonial churches, the designer and builder, John Ariss (circa 1725-1799) is known and designed another similar religious edifice, Lamb&#39;s Creek Church, that is a virtual twin of this building. It replaces a wooden church built on or near the same site that burned to the ground in 1773. An older wooden church reportedly burned in 1750. Instead of another wooden church, apparently planned by Edmund Bass who was paid five pounds for his work, this brick edifice was erected. However, according to the parish website and its well-researched brochure, William Phillips built the church for a fee of 35,000 pounds of tobacco and John Voss designed it.</p><br>
<p>It derives its name, Little Fork, from the junction of the Hazel and Rappahannock Rivers that are nearby.</p><br>
<h3>Bricks</h3><br>
<p>The bricks are laid in Flemish bond both in the water table and the walls and show occasional use of glazed brick in both headers and stretchers. The walls are 22" thick. Queen closers and rubbed brick are present at the corners, compass windows, and doorways. The transition from the water table to the walls is via an ovolo, or convex, molded brick. It is a large, deep church as already stated, approaching the limit of audibility in its 83-foot length. The modillion cornice, large toothed decorated eaves, are probably of colonial origin.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior, destroyed during the Civil War by Union Cavalry for firewood, was restored in 1871 and 1976. The last restoration is a painstakingly accurate restoration of the original interior. It consists of box pews painted colonial blue-green with dark wood tops, the original reredos on the eastern wall, and a readers lectern under the "wine-glass" pulpit high on the north-central wall, directly opposite the southern doorway. In 1963, Rawlings reports a plaster line indicating that the original wainscoting was taller than that installed in the nineteenth century restoration. This is apparently corrected in the recent repairs. The elaborate reredos contains a central tablet bearing the Lords Prayer, the Decalogue, and the Apostles&#39; Creed in modern gold lettering on a black background. The cornice and cross are modern additions rather than colonial features. It is mentioned in the church website that the box pews were constructed to keep out winter drafts, and that parishioners used foot warmers during winters. The flat wooden ceiling is a restoration as are most of the floorboards; Rawlings believes the floor was originally lower than the present level.</p><br>
<h3>Windows and doorways</h3><br>
<p>The 8’ 8” tall windows are of typical compass style with round arches of voussiors, rubbed brick, and queen closers. There are fourteen compass windows in all. These windows, located on the south, east, and north are identical, while the two windows on the west wall are small rectangular openings with flat arches, characteristic of openings for galleries in other churches. There is no evidence for a western gallery in this church (as in its sister church, Lambs Creek, that lacks the western windows entirely). The doorways are most likely not the original form: the church probably had classical pediments like Pohick Church or Lambs Creek Church as evidenced by brick repairs surrounding the doors. The original door openings were approximately 6&#39; 7" wide, and the southern entrance was probably the main one. The doorways themselves are also not of colonial age.</p><br>
<h2>Historical events</h2><br>
<p>Historically, the building was used as a drill field for the Little Fork Rangers, Co. D, 4th Virginia Cavalry in 1861 and, as already mentioned, a stable for Union cavalry in 1863 when the interior was destroyed. A "contrite Union officer" reputedly sent $100 to the church after the war to replace the destroyed pews. A marble monument to the Little Fork Rangers stands south east of the church and an apparently modern sun dial is placed on a brick base in front of the southern approach. There were no colonial graves near the present church, although there seems to be the start of a memorial garden cemetery to the east of the building among a copse of small trees. Several Spindle family members were buried here in the early 1800&#39;s. Small cedar trees sporadically surround the church that is embellished by lawn encircling it.</p><br>
<p>The Clayton-Cedarmere Estates are located in Roslyn Harbor, New York, United States, listed jointly on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. Clayton, the bulk of the property, is the large landscaped Bryce/Frick estate, now home to the Nassau County Museum of Art. Cedarmere, the smaller of the two, is William Cullen Bryant&#39;s estate, currently undergoing interior renovation, is located on the west side of Bryant Avenue; overlooking Hempstead Harbor, now a historic house museum. The grounds are open to the public. The two combined properties, with input from several notable architects, illustrate the development of estates on the North Shore of Long Island over a period of nearly a century.</p><br>
<p>Bryant originally owned almost the entire property. Fifteen years after Bryant&#39;s death, in 1893, Lloyd Bryce bought the largely undeveloped inland portion of the estate and hired Ogden Codman, Jr. to design a mansion for it. In 1919, the dying Henry Clay Frick purchased the estate for his son Childs, who, after renovating it and expanding it, lived there with his family until his 1965 death. Four years later, it was turned over to the county for use as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Estates</h2><br>
<p>All of Cedarmere and most of Clayton were part of Bryant&#39;s original purchase. After his descendants sold all but the area around Cedarmere to the Bryces, they and the Fricks made some other additions as well.</p><br>
<h3>Cedarmere</h3><br>
<p>Cedarmere is located behind a high stone wall on a 7 acre (4 ha) parcel along Bryant Ave., Roslyn Harbor, with two small ponds and a landscape designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Its main house is a three-bay, -story main block with two wings: a two-story multi-bay structure to the east and a smaller, single-story section to the north. All are covered in slate gambrel roofs, fenestrated with trimmed gabled dormers. Window shapes vary throughout the facades. The house is faced with stucco, except for the visible stone foundation. A green glass-and-metal conservatory protrudes from the front, and a porch wraps around all but the north side.</p><br>
<p>A single-bay entrance pavilion projects onto the south porch, overlooking the larger pond and its stone bridge. It is topped with a railed balcony. The doorway is heavily ornamented with classical molded surround, pilasters, sidelights, entablature and leaded transom. The south elevation also has solid and latticework supports with decorated balusters and brackets.</p><br>
<p>At the other edge of the main houses pond is a small Gothic Revival building known as the Mill, although it was never used as such and remains purely decorative, used mainly for storage. Its brick basement gives way to a board-and-batten first floor, with heavy surface decoration, and then to a slate-covered cross-gabled roof with decorated bargeboards and filials, topped by a brick chimney. The windows have been trimmed with arches of various shapes and other decorative touches. The main side window has W C B (William Cullen Bryants initial) etched in the top panes.</p><br>
<p>Other outbuildings include a small greenhouse south of the garden and two more modern garages to the north, some distance from the house. The latter two are the only improvements to the property not considered contributing.</p><br>
<h3>Clayton</h3><br>
<p>Clayton&#39;s property begins across Bryant from Cedarmere, but its main entrance is located on Northern Blvd. (NY 25A). The drive up, after passing a hipped-roofed brick Neoclassical gatehouse to what is now the museum takes visitors through some of the pastorally landscaped 165 acres (66 ha) that make up the center of Roslyn Harbor. The main house sits on a high plateau, surrounded by plantings and a modern parking lot. It is a Georgian Revival building, brick with stone trim and copper hipped roof, pierced by-gabled dormers, its eaves lined with modillions above a stone entablature.</p><br>
<p>The main block is two and a half stories high and nine bays wide. On both end there are symmetrical, two-bay pavilions outlined in quoins. The front facade has a five-bay open porch with Ionic columns and a flat roof, entablature and balustrade. The main entrance is a double door with semi-circular transom. On the east facade a series of round-arched French doors give access to the garden, topped by a balustraded balcony. Two one-story arcades wings project from it. The mansion&#39;s interior features much original woodwork and plaster.</p><br>
<p>Near the main house is a garden designed by Marian Coffin, with symmetrical plantings surrounding a central fountain. The remnants of a private zoo, primarily an old animal enclosure and tower. A narrow road leads to the Jerusha Dewey Cottage, originally built by Bryant for a friend of his and later used as a guest house, after extensive renovation by the Fricks. It is therefore a mixture of brick foundation, board-and-batten siding, slate roof and a mix of fenestration styles.</p><br>
<p>As at Cedarmere, two more modern buildings have been erected to support the property&#39;s current use as an art museum and sculpture garden. They are the only ones of the 11 buildings and structures at Clayton not considered contributing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property that became Cedarmere had been in use since the early days of local settlement in the 17th century. The earliest known house on it was built in 1787 by Richard Kirk, a Quaker farmer. Bryant bought a small house first built by Joseph Moulton in 1843 with the intent of establishing a retreat for himself from his job in the city as editor of the New York Evening Post, where he could contemplate nature and write his poetry. He expanded both the land and the house through the 1850s and 1860s into the present structure, following the then-popular principles of Andrew Jackson Downing and disciples like Calvert Vaux, who supposedly designed the mill house, calling for small Gothic Revival cottages, sometimes in a Picturesque mode, that maintained harmony with their rural surroundings. At Cedarmere, as he later named the property, he received not only Vaux and his sometime collaborator Frederick Law Olmsted, but other cultural notables of the era such as painter Thomas Cole, James Fenimore Cooper and actor Edwin Booth.</p><br>
<p>He sold it to his daughter Julia in 1875, as long as he was allowed to live the remainder of his life there; and he did, dying three years later. She in turn sold it to her nephew, Harold Godwin, in 1891. Eight years later, he sold the undeveloped property that became Clayton to Lloyd Bryce, a former congressman and heir to industrial fortunes.</p><br>
<p>The upper stories of Cedarmere were damaged considerably by a 1903 fire. On the other property, Bryce hired Codman, a young architect responsible for many seaside homes in the Northeast, to design the main house, and began creating gardens in the propertys northwest corner. The Fricks hired Charles Allom to modify the house for their use when they moved in 1919, renaming it Clayton, but Codmans design remains largely unchanged. Alloms main changes were the replacement of the original entrance loggia with the porch and, inside, creating a large entrance hall in keeping with the Fricks intention to emulate an English country house, a popular aspiration of wealthy Americans during the 1920s. To that end, Guy Lowell designed the gatehouse, and Marian Cruger Coffin designed the main garden a decade later.</p><br>
<p>Four years after Frick&#39;s death, in 1969, the family sold the estate to Nassau County for use as an art museum. In 1989 the county transferred control to a private foundation. The Godwin family continued living in Cedarmere until they, too, donated it to the county for use as a museum in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Cedarmere and Clayton today</h2><br>
<p>Both estates are open to the public. The grounds at Cedarmere are free and open year round. The house is currently closed for interior restoration. The Mill underwent major restoration in 2013, under the supervision of the Roslyn Landmark Society, with funding from the Gerry Charitable Trust.</p><br>
<p>A grant from the New York State Environmental Protection Fund was used by Nassau County for major renovations and painting of the exterior of the House in Fall, 2013. The Friends and the Roslyn Landmark Society have contributed funds for additional interior and exterior renovations.</p><br>
<p>Visitors to Clayton must pay an entrance fee as well as parking; the museum is open every day except Mondays and holidays year-round.</p><br>
<p>The Ludwig and Christina Welk Homestead built in 1893 is an historic farm house located at 845 88th Street, South East in Strasburg, North Dakota. It is also known as the Lawrence Welk Birthplace, the Mike Welk Farm and ND SITS 32 EM 46. Here on March 11, 1903, noted American musician, accordionist, bandleader, and television impresario Lawrence Welk was born to Ludwig and Christina Welk, who were German-speaking Roman Catholics from Alsace-Lorraine by way of Odessa, Ukraine . On October 28, 1993, the homestead was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Lawrence Welk Birthplace, officially called the Ludwig and Christina Welk Farmstead, has been restored and is run by local volunteers including Lawrence Welk&#39;s niece Edna Schwab. Although Welk donated to other local efforts, surprisingly he specified that none of his money be used for the restoration of his birthplace.</p><br>
<p>Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas , adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART&#39;s Akard Station, which serves its, and light rail lines.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The buildings were originally home to the Fidelity Union Life Insurance Company. The first tower was built in 1952, and is 21 stories tall. The 31 story second tower (also known as the Mayflower Building because it was built by Mayflower Investment Co.) was added in 1960. The building is connected to the Bullington Truck Terminal.</p><br>
<p>Fidelity Union vacated the building in 1985 and Texas Power & Light (TXU), the other major tenant, moved out in 1992. The complex remained vacant until Hamilton Properties Corporation bought it in 2004, rechristening it as The Mosaic, in honor of the thousands of green tiles that line the buildings&#39; facade. The renovation included construction of 440 apartments with interiors designed by three note architects: Ike Isenhour, Stanley Ray, and MAA. The residences were opened to occupancy on 6 December 2007 and the ground floor features a restaurant and fitness center.</p><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Claymont Court or simply Claymont is a Georgian style brick mansion, the grandest of several built near Charles Town, West Virginia for members of the Washington family. The current house was built in 1840 by Bushrod Corbin Washington, grand-nephew of George Washington, to replace a house that was originally built in 1820, but burned in 1838. The house was purchased in 1899 by author Frank Stockton, who lived there until his death in 1902. In 1943, Claymont was bought by industrialist R.J. Funkhouser, who at the same time bought nearby Blakeley, another Washington house. In 1974 it was purchased by John G. Bennett for the purpose of an intentional community. It is currently used as a retreat center by the Claymont Society for Continuous Education.</p><br>
<h2>Washington Family Era</h2><br>
<p>In the 1700s, the 300 acre plot of land on which Claymont stands was owned by John Augustine Washington, the brother of George Washington. George Washington had established the Bullskin Plantation, the first property he ever owned, a few miles southwest of the Claymont property. In 1811, George Washingtons grand-nephew Bushrod Corbin Washington inherited this land at the age of 21. Bushrod built a thirty-four room mansion here using ninety slaves. Bushrods brother, John Augustine Washington III, subsequently built the Blakeley mansion 600 yards away facing Claymont. The two brothers married daughters from the Blackburn family and started their own families directly across from each other in the Blackeley and Claymont mansions.</p><br>
<p>Bushrod finished building Claymont in 1820 for $30,000; a massive sum at the time that became known as "Bushrods folly." After completion, it was the largest house in the area. With later additions to the home, it would become the largest house in West Virginia at 16,000 ft&sup2; with 59 rooms and 25 fireplaces. Claymont may also be the northern most example of the Virginia Plantation Style mansion with wings, courtyards, and dependencies. Claymont burned down in 1838 during Bushrods first week working in Richmond as an assemblyman in the Virginia House of Delegates. The central part of the mansion was completely rebuilt and the remainder restored. It is thought the fire started in the fireplace of the mansion&#39;s basement kitchen. Bushrod died in 1851 leaving Claymont to his son Thomas Blackburn Washington. Thomas died in 1854 leaving the estate to his eldest son Bushrod Corbin II.</p><br>
<p>The Civil War was devastating to the Washington family, many of whom had taken refuge at Claymont. During the war, two of the young men of the house, including Thomas Blackburn Washingtons youngest son James Washington, were officers in the Confederate Army under John Singleton Mosby. Both of the boys were captured in Claymont Court during Christmas furlough (holiday leave) by Union Army troops led by George Custer, who had been a roommate of one of the boys at West Point military academy. The Washington boys were taken to a Union prison camp where they both died. As punishment to Claymont estate for "harboring guerrillas", General Sheridan ordered all of the cattle driven off the land (except for one milch cow) and every fence surrounding the estates Clay Mound farm burned down.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, the reconstructionist government demanded payment of back taxes for all of the years that the Washington family had paid taxes to the Confederacy rather than the Union. The Washington family could not pay, and by 1871 the family was forced to sell Claymont estate for the modest sum of $10,000 (a third of what it cost to build). Most of the family then moved to Washington State.</p><br>
<p>After the Washingtons vacated Claymont, the property changed hands a number of times. The mansion and larger estate was actually uninhabited for a few years at a time and subsequently the property began to deteriorate and the farming operations halted. Claymont operated as a self-sustaining farm, differing from plantations further in the American South. Claymont produced almost everything the inhabitants used. The property was farmed and maintained by nearly a hundred slaves as well as a couple dozen free workers. Because of Claymont&#39;s size, it was an expensive operation to keep up and later owners of the property would not have the resources or dedication to keep the estate operational.</p><br>
<h2>Owners after the Washington Family</h2><br>
<p>After the Washingtons vacated, there were a number of successive owners of Claymont:</p><br>
<p>1871-1886: Clement March</p><br>
<p>1886-1889: Charles Dawson</p><br>
<p>1889-1906: Frank R. Stockton</p><br>
<p>1906-1943: Col. S.J. Murphy</p><br>
<p>1943-1972: Raymond J. Funkhouser</p><br>
<p>1972-1975: J. Glenn Brown</p><br>
<p>1975–present: The Claymont Society for Continuous Education</p><br>
<h2>Current Use</h2><br>
<p>Of the eight remaining Washington family homes in Jefferson County, Claymont is considered the grandest. At 16,000 ft&sup2, it is also the largest. In 1973, Claymont was added to the National Register of Historic Places, a US government list of buildings and structures deemed worthy of preservation.</p><br>
<p>Today, Claymont operates as a non-profit retreat center run by The Claymont Society for Continuous Education, whose members focus on the systematic philosophical and psychological teachings of John G. Bennett. While Mr. Bennett was alive, Claymont operated as a nine-month Fourth Way school focused on his specific teachings, which dealt with techniques of self-reflection, self-development, and spirituality, a systems discipline called Systematics, and achieving a sustainable relationship with nature. After Bennetts death in December 1974, the nine-month basic course project continued for a few years under the direction of Bennetts students but was eventually discontinued, and Claymont opened its doors as a retreat center for many different spiritual groups, healthcare professionals, meditation groups, environmental groups, professional dancers, and many more. It maintains a strong focus on organic farming, buying local, and sustainability. Claymont even hosts WWOOFers to work on the grounds and help with local agriculture in exchange for free food and lodging. The mansion proper acts as a retreat center, having been retrofitted with showers, hot water, electricity, natural gas, and even wifi. A nearby 450 ft cattle barn has been converted into a conference center. Besides the mansion proper, much of the estate grounds are currently maintained, including the front and rear mansion lawns. The old gardens, however, which were damaged in a storm, have proven too difficult to maintain and are currently unusable.</p><br>
<p>The Claymont Society for Continuous Education, in addition to hosting various retreat groups, also advocates heavily for Claymont Courts continuing physical restoration. Claymont has received grant money for restoration through the, Save Americas Treasures, Jefferson County Commission, and individual donations. The Claymont Society works in tandem with the to lobby for continuing preservation grants.</p><br>
<p>Among recent restorations, the mansion has a completely rebuilt second- floor veranda, new support beams for the main ballroom, and new window seals and gutter systems. The mansion can still be considered under restoration, though it is fully operational with all utilities.</p><br>
<h2>Citations</h2><br>
<p>Cedar Lawn, also known as Berry Hill and Poplar Hill, is one of several houses built near Charles Town, West Virginia for members of the Washington family. Cedar Lawn was built in 1825 for John Thornton Augustine Washington, George Washingtons grand-nephew. The property was originally part of the Harewood estate belonging to Samuel Washington. The property that eventually became Cedar Lawn was left to Samuels son, Thornton Washington, who built "Berry Hill", named for his wife&#39;s family. Berry Hill was destroyed by fire, and John Thornton Augustine built Cedar Lawn when he inherited.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s, the house was bought by R.J. Funkhouser, an industrialist who had a taste for Washington family estates, who also owned Blakeley and Claymont Court. The property remains in the Funkhouser family and is known as OSullivan Farms, after Funkhousers principal venture, the O&#39;Sullivan Corporation.</p><br>
<p>The Amos Block is a Romanesque Revival building located on the southwest corner of Clinton Square in Downtown Syracuse, New York. The buildings developer and namesake, Jacob Amos, served as mayor of Syracuse from 1892-1896. Originally, the Erie Canal ran directly behind the Amos Block, and goods were loaded and unloaded from the buildings upper levels onto the Canal, while the first floor on the West Water St side contained a retail grocer. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the Amos Block was renovated, and was renamed "The Amos." The building continues to serve as a multi-purpose structure, with retail (including, once again, a grocery store) on the first floor, and residential apartments on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The New Holland Machine Company was founded in 1895, when a young man by the name of Abram Zimmerman purchased a horse barn in New Holland, Pennsylvania, and established a blacksmith shop.</p><br>
<p>Zimmerman was the third of seven children born to the Martin W. and Anna (Martin) Zimmerman. The Zimmermans were a very conservative Mennonite family. Abram Zimmerman was a mechanical genius who brought his talents to bear in the new blacksmith business as he began repairing and making farm machinery for the local farmers.</p><br>
<h2>Historic building</h2><br>
<p>The New Holland Machine Company building located at 146 E. Franklin St. in New Holland, was built in eight sections between 1903 and 1952. It is a two-story, irregularly shaped, evolutionary industrial brick building. The facility closed in 1992.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Otto and Columbus engines</h2><br>
<p>Abram Zimmerman began retailing the German Otto four-cycle engine as part of his new business. The Otto was a single-cylinder dual flywheel stationary engine which was manufactured in Philadelphia. After a short while of selling the Otto, Abe Zimmerman switched to selling another single-cylinder dual-flywheel stationary engine called the Columbus. Retailing these engines added income to the Zimmerman blacksmith shop. By 1896, the Zimmerman blacksmith was employing three employees. However, Zimmerman&#39;s innovative nature soon had developed a "better idea".</p><br>
<h2>"Freeze proof" engine</h2><br>
<p>Zimmerman thought that he could build and manufacture his own stationary engine which would be lighter in weight and would be easier to repair and operate. By 1900, he had designed his own stationary engine and built prototypes of the engine.</p><br>
<h3>Water cooling</h3><br>
<p>Like most stationary engines of the time, Zimmerman&#39;s new engine was water-cooled - a jacket around the cylinder was filled with water to keep the engine cool while the engine was in use. Generally, the water evaporated as the engine was operated and more water had to be added to the water jacket of the typical engine throughout the day.</p><br>
<h3>Risk of freezing</h3><br>
<p>In the wintertime, the water jacket had to be drained of water when the farmer was through working with the engine. If not drained, the water would freeze in the water jacket, the ice would expand when freezing and this expansion would crack the cast iron engine.</p><br>
<h3>Zimmerman's solution</h3><br>
<p>One of the innovations incorporated into Zimmermans new engine was the fact that the water jacket was shaped like a bowl and was larger at the top than at the bottom. If water were left in the bowl-shaped water jacket of this new engine during a cold winters night, the ice could expand harmlessly upwards and outwards without cracking the castings of the cylinder or engine. Thus, because of this bowl-shaped water jacket, Zimmerman&#39;s new engine was "freeze proof."</p><br>
<h2>Incorporation</h2><br>
<p>With prototypes of his new engine completed, Zimmerman, now wished to manufacture and sell his new engine. To do this he needed to incorporate and take on some new investors. Accordingly, Zimmerman raised $50,000 by selling 500 shares in the new company to his neighbors. Thus in 1903, the New Holland Machine Company was born.</p><br>
<p>Zimmerman was selected chief executive of the new company. With this new capital, the company acquired a brick factory on Franklin Street in the city of New Holland and hired on 40 employees to mass-produce the new stationary engine.</p><br>
<h2>Engine range</h2><br>
<p>Eventually, five different horsepower (hp) models of the New Holland stationary engine were mass-produced by the New Holland Company. These five models started with the little 1½ hp engine and ranged upwards to a 16 hp model. The most popular seller among the line of stationary engines offered by New Holland was the 5 hp model. By 1911, sales of the 5 hp model New Holland stationary engine were up more than 253% over sales of the same engine in 1904.</p><br>
<p>1/2HP, 1 1/2HP, 2HP, 4HP, 5HP (possibly a 3HP)</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<p>Success attended the company from the very beginning. In its first annual report dated March 29, 1904, the company was able to report profits of $1,859.40 following its very first year of incorporation. Success in selling the stationary engines, led the New Holland Machine Company to expand into the manufacture of other farm machine products.</p><br>
<h3>Feed grinder</h3><br>
<p>As early as November 1899, even before the company had been incorporated, Abe Zimmerman&#39;s blacksmith shop had been advertising a feed grinder of his own design. This "feed and cob mill" had a capacity of 10 to 30 bushels of feed per hour and was being offered to the farming public for $15.00.</p><br>
<p>Later, after incorporation, the New Holland Machine Company sold these feed grinders with the option of being mounted on a wooden or steel truck and also with the option of having one of the four larger New Holland engines (4 hp through the 16 hp models) mounted on the truck together with the feed grinder. In this way the feed grinder and engine would form a single unit which could easily be moved around the farm.</p><br>
<h3>Rock crusher and wood saw</h3><br>
<p>Following incorporation, other machines had been added to the line of New Holland machinery. In 1912, the company began manufacturing its own rock crusher and, by 1914, the New Holland Machine Company had also added a wood saw to its line of farm machinery. By 1911, the company had 150 employees. By 1927, the number of employees at the company had risen to 225.</p><br>
<h2>Sale to Sperry</h2><br>
<p>The New Holland Machine Company was purchased by the Sperry Corporation in 1947, to form Sperry-New Holland. For the subsequent history see New Holland Agriculture.</p><br>
<p>Piedmont Number One is a former textile plant and former National Historic Landmark in Piedmont, Greenville County, South Carolina. It burned in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Piedmont Manufacturing Company</h2><br>
<p>The Piedmont Manufacturing Company was established by Henry Pinckney Hammett in 1873. Over the next few years, it constructed a textile mill and village at Garrison Shoals on the Saluda River at the present location of Piedmont. Piedmont Number One, which opened in 1876, was a four-story brick factory with an L-shaped floor plan. Powered by a water wheel, it had 5,000 spindles and 112 looms. Piedmont Number One was enlarged in 1880 and again in 1900. In 1888, Piedmont Number Two, was built on the west bank of the Saluda River in Anderson County. In 1892, the mills operated 47,000 spindles and 1,300 looms.</p><br>
<p>Because the mill was built where the water power was available, the Piedmont mill village was constructed for its employees. The village included houses for its employees, schools, churches, and other buildings. The village houses and stores were sold to private owners in the 1950s. By 1977, Piedmont Number One was no longer manufacturing textiles.</p><br>
<p>In recognition of its role in the Southern textile industry, Piedmont Number One was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978. Because of significant modifications to its building, Piedmont Number Two was not also designated.</p><br>
<p>A fire in October 1983 destroyed much of Piedmont Number One. The ruins were demolished. Its National Historic Landmark and National Register of Historic Places designations were deleted on March 5, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Photographs</h2><br>
<p>Photographs of the mill, village, and community can be viewed in the Greenville County Library System digital collections.</p><br>
<p>South Park Lofts, located in downtown Los Angeles, was built in 1924 as an eight-story parking garage. It was one of America&#39;s first parking structures, and is one of the few parking garages listed in the National Register of Historic Places, having received the distinction in 2004. The building has been converted to lofts and is now known as "South Park Lofts." As "Building at 816 Grand Avenue", it is one of more than ten buildings designed by Claud Beelman listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>One of L.A.'s first parking garages</h2><br>
<p>As the automobile took on a more prominent role in Los Angeles, traffic and parking became major problems for downtown businesses. In 1923, the Downtown Business Mens Association and Mayor George Cryer began advocating the construction of parking structures. Businessman Ken Stoakes took up the challenge and built an eight-story, 85,000 ft&sup2; parking garage on Grand Avenue. Stoakes hired one of the citys most prominent architects, Claud Beelman. Beelman and Stoakes sought to create a structure that had continuity with the office buildings, hotels and department stores that lined Grand Avenue. Accordingly, Beelman designed a Beaux Arts edifice with windows and decorative details typical of other commercial buildings of the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Stoakes&#39; garage opened to much fanfare in 1924. Stoakes promoted the safety and security of his "fireproof garage". In an interview with the Los Angeles Times during the 1925 holiday shopping season, Stoakes said: "Parking along the curb downtown is bad enough at best. With the frantic attempt of thousands of Christmas shoppers to squeeze in the already available jammed parking space, it is almost suicidal to the appearance of any respectable-looking car".</p><br>
<p>Through the 1920s and 1930s, the garage was used by Bullocks department store, with uniformed attendants picking up and dropping off shoppers cars. Shoppers could park two hours for free at Stoakes&#39; structure with a $1 purchase at Bullocks.</p><br>
<h2>Conversion to other uses</h2><br>
<p>The structure was purchased by Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. in 1950. Used initially for employee parking, it was later converted to use for storage and offices. The building subsequently went through several changes of ownership and was used for many years as an office building.</p><br>
<p>The building was acquired by Martin Building Co. in 2002 and converted into 49 upscale lofts at a cost of $10 million. The key to the adaptive use of the building was in its unusually narrow lot and design. Many older parking structures were built with ramps and sloped floors. Stoakes&#39; garage, on the other hand, was situated on a narrow lot that left no room for ramps. Accordingly, Beelman designed the garage around a huge freight elevator that could lift two cars at once. When the building became lofts, the rooftop housing for the elevator motor was converted into a small gymnasium for residents. The building also has concierge service and an elaborate roof-top garden with a hot tub and grilling area.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In August 2004, the California Historic Resources Commission granted historic landmark status to the building. Eight months later, it was recognized by the United States Department of the Interior as "one of America&#39;s first parking structures to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places". It is one of more than ten buildings designed by Claud Beelman listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Altona, near Charles Town, West Virginia, is a historic farm with an extensive set of subsidiary buildings. The original Federal style plantation house was built in 1793 by Revolutionary War officer Abraham Davenport on land purchased from Charles Washington. The house was expanded by Abraham&#39;s son, Colonel Braxton Davenport. During the Civil War the farm was a favored encampment. Generals Philip Sheridan and Ulysses S. Grant both used the house as a headquarters and meeting place.</p><br>
<p>The farm was sold out of the Davenport family in 1906, but repurchased in 1936. In the interim, a Sears, Roebuck house was added to the property.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Major Abraham Davenport, Sr.s 1793 house was a wood-frame structure built on land purchased from Charles Washington, adjoining several Washington family homes, including Blakeley, Claymont Court and Harewood. Davenport became a Jefferson County magistrate in 1801, and was sheriff in 1803. His son, Colonel Braxton Davenport took over the farm in 1830. Col. Davenport added the present brick front to the original house, as well as the impressive stone fence that lines the road between Charles Town and Middleway. The house was named at this time for Mrs. Davenports family home in Germany.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Davenport, who had served in the USA Army during the War of 1812, followed his father as Jefferson County magistrate, and arraigned John Brown in his court in 1859. Braxton Davenport was also a Virginia state legislator, serving four terms.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War, Altona became a favorite headquarters for Union and Confederate forces. The front drawing rooms were used for conferences, and Sheridan used the farm&#39;s horses and carriage. Altona was therefore saved from the destruction that overtook other nearby estates. Altona served as a refuge when nearby Locust Hill was the scene of fighting and destroyed.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Davenports son, Henry Bedinger Davenport had served as a lieutenant of militia in the company that captured John Brown. He served in a similar unit in the Confederate Army. Henry continued to operate the farm after his fathers death and extended the stone fence. He died in 1901. The family sold the farm in 1906. Between 1906 and the re-purchase of the property by Henry Davenport, Jr. the barn was doubled in size and a Sears, Roebuck house was built on the property next to the mansion house. The house remains in the Davenport family.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>The main house is a two-story five-bay brick house, painted white on a local limestone foundation, with a hipped slate roof. The roof was raised in 1936 and dormers were added. Paired chimneys rise on the east and west sides. The weatherboard 1793 house remains as the rear portion of the main house, but was clad in brick in 1936. The 1936 renovation also added formal entry porches on the south and east sides. Windows are typically six-over-six double-hung sashes with brick flat arches.</p><br>
<p>The interior is oriented around a center hall leading to the kitchen at the rear. The hall is entered through the south porch door, which is topped by a leaded glass fanlight. Two symmetrical living rooms flank the hall at the front. The 1793 portion of the house contains a reception room and a dining room. The second floor is arranged in the same manner as the first, with rooms, doors and fireplaces in the same locations. The main stair continues to the attic. The basement contains a similar room arrangement to the first floor, with fireplaces in the rooms.</p><br>
<h3>Bank barn</h3><br>
<p>The 198 ft long bank barn is built on a cut local limestone foundation, with weatherboard forebay and upper level. Two large square cupolas are placed over old and new sections of the barn. The original brick gable of the old barn remains in the interior where the old and new sections join. Stalls are found in the old section, while the newer section is a large loafing shed.</p><br>
<h3>Sears Roebuck house</h3><br>
<p>The Sears house to the west of the main house is an American Foursquare, listed in the Sears catalog as "Dream House." The two-story hipped-roof house stands on a local limestone foundation. A plaque in one of the brick piers at the front reads "Dream House 1920."</p><br>
<h3>Garage/Guest house</h3><br>
<p>The 1936 garage is a two stories, with a basement. A 1967 addition added expanded guest quarters and altered the interiors."</p><br>
<h3>Accessory structures</h3><br>
<p>Other structures on the property include a late 19th-century limestone outhouse, early 19th-century frame slave quarters, a late 19th-century brick smokehouse, and two mid-19th-century corncribs. Several other buildings and structures contribute to the ensemble."</p><br>
<p>D.W. Field Park is a municipal park managed by the parks department of the city of Brockton, Massachusetts. The park consists of 650 acre of fields, woodlands, and water bodies in northern Brockton and southern Avon, Massachusetts, and is owned by both municipalities. It was created in 1925 as a bequest from Brockton businessman Daniel W. Field, and was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and his son, John Charles Olmsted. Its landscape is dominated by a chain of seven water bodies, all but one of which are man-made, impounding Beaver Brook. The oldest of them, Cross Pond, was created in the 1790s; these lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, were, with one exception, created before the park was laid out, and served either agricultural or industrial purposes. Waldo Lake was created in the 1930s as part of the park&#39;s design.</p><br>
<p>Access to the park&#39;s interior is via a narrow road 6 mi long that winds through the grounds, providing access to its major features. This circuit road is accessible from the surrounding public roadways at a number of points, with gates built from locally gathered fieldstone. There is no formalized network of pedestrian paths. As a result, activities tend to be concentrated at the places where there are parking facilities, resulting in some environmental and scenic degradation.</p><br>
<p>The parks most prominent landmark is a fieldstone observation tower, built at the parks high point, known as Indian Cave Hill or Tower Hill. It was built in 1928 from fieldstones gathered from the park grounds. Inside 90 steps, approximately 18 per landing, lead to an observation deck with a visage as far as Blue Hills in all directions. The park is open everyday dawn til dusk; the tower is officially open 1 day a year during Towerfest, early October, Columbus Day weekend.</p><br>
<p>At the foot of Tower Hill is a concrete pad, in which are embedded Daniel Field&#39;s handprints and footprints, and the inscription "Please Enjoy, Do Not Destroy D.W. Field Park." The other major structure in the park is the gatehouse of the Brockton Reservoir, which was built in the 1880s. The park also includes an eighteen-hole golf course.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Gardner J. Kingman House is a historic house located at 309 Main Street in Brockton, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1886 to a design by the locally prominent architect Wesley Lyng Minor, this three story house was the first brick residence built in the city, and is one of its finest. It has Queen Anne styling, with a variety of projections, decorations, and gables, including its main front gable, which has a large terra cotta floral-patterned panel. The building was commissioned by Gardner Kingman, a businessman prominent in civic affairs and in the city&#39;s dominant shoe industry; it has served as a funeral home for many years.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 25, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Goldthwaite Block is a historic commercial building on 99-103 Main Street in Brockton, Massachusetts. Built in 1892, it forms part of one of the city&#39;s best-preserved assemblages of 19th-century commercial architecture, alongside the Lyman Block and Howard Block. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Goldthwaite Block is located in downtown Brockton, across Main Street from City Hall, and immediately adjacent to the Howard Block and Curtis Building, both of which it shares party walls with. It is a four-story masonry structure, built out of brick and stone. It is three bays wide, with projecting window bays on the upper floors of the two side bays, and decorative terra cotta between and above the windows of the center section. The projecting bays are clad in copper, and some of the terra cotta panels are carved with the building&#39;s name and construction date. The ground floor commercial storefronts, originally two, have been modernized and converted into a single storefront. The upper floors, also originally part of the retail space, have been converted into elderly housing.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1892 for Charles Goldthwaite, a local apothecary. The business had been established by Goldthwaites uncle in 1861 as a dry goods business, which the uncle expanded after Charles completed pharmacy training in 1884. That business became Brocktons first drug store. The businesss success enabled Goldthwaite to build what was considered at the time a relatively opulent building to house it. It continued in business until Goldthwaites death in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin Block is a historic commercial building at 1102-1110 Main Street in Brockton, Massachusetts. The three story brick Romanesque Revival-style building was built in 1888. Its construction marked the high point in the economic recovery of the city&#39;s Campello neighborhood, which had been devastated by fire in 1853, and is one of two 19th-century buildings in the area. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Franklin Block is set at the northeast corner of Main and Perkins Street in the citys Campello neighborhood, a secondary area of industrial and commercial development south of the citys downtown. The building is a four story L-shaped brick structure with Romanesque Revival styling, and an angled section at the corner. Its two street-facing elevations have storefronts on the ground floor, defined by plate glass windows and entrances demarcated by fluted pilasters. The upper floor bays are demarcated in groups by tall brick pilasters. The second floor has rectangular sash windows with transoms, with sills set in a sandstone string course. Raised brick panels separate the second and third floors. The third floor windows have round-arch transoms, and are set in openings with sandstone keystones. Its historic uses are as retail space on the ground floor, office space on the second, and a meeting hall on the upper levels, used by lodges, fraternal societies, and community organizations.</p><br>
<p>The city of Brockton developed economically in the 19th century as a major center of the shoemaking industry. Its development was strung along Main Street, which paralleled the railroad tracks through the city. The Campello section south of the downtown was part of this boom in the mid-19th century, but was devastated by a major fire in 1853. It recovered due in part to the city&#39;s continued prosperity, and this building was built in 1888. The only other surviving 19th-century building in the area is the 1871 Kingman Block at 1147 Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The Lyman Block is a historic commercial building at 83-91 Main Street in Brockton, Massachusetts. Built in 1876 for a local business group, it is a fine local example of Italianate style, and one of the elements of a group of four well-preserved 19th-century commercial buildings in the city. The block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lyman Block is located in downtown Brockton, across Main Street from City Hall, and immediately adjacent to the similar Howard Block. It is a four-story structure, built out of load-bearing brick and covered by a flat roof. It has granite corner quoining, and brownstone window lintels with keystones and shoulders. The main facade is crowned by a bracketed cornice. Most of the windows are sash, with doubled windows in the center bay, where the main entrance was originally located. The ground floor has modernized storefronts, and the entrance to the upper levels is now located on the Legion Parkway facade.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1876 for Lyman Clark, a local businessman and real estate developer, and a consortium of other local businessmen. They were owners of Howard Clark & Co., a local manufacturer of furniture and funerary caskets, which was one of the building&#39;s early ground-floor tenants. The upper floors were originally populated with professional offices, but there was a transition in the 20th century to light manufacturing operations. The building has now been converted into elderly housing. Along with the Howard Block, Goldthwaite Block, and Curtis Building, it forms one of the few surviving pockets of 19th-century commercial streetscape in the city.</p><br>
<p>The Howard Block is a historic commercial building at 93–97 Main Street in Brockton, Massachusetts. Built in 1876, it forms , an important nexus of commercial development of the post-Civil War era in Brockton. The block listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Howard Block is located in downtown Brockton, across Main Street from City Hall, and immediately adjacent to the similar Lyman Block. It is a four-story structure, built out of load-bearing brick and covered by a flat roof. It has granite corner quoining, and brownstone window lintels with keystones and shoulders. The main facade is crowned by a bracketed cornice. Most of the windows are sash, with doubled windows in the center bay.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1876, during a period of prosperity driven by the success of Brocktons shoe industry in the years after the American Civil War. It was built by the owners of Howard, Clark & Co., a manufacturer of furniture and funerary caskets. The same owners also built the Lyman Block in the same year, and it is in that building where they located their business, while this edifice was built as a speculative venture and leased to other businesses. The building is named for a member of one of Brocktons oldest families, and originally housed facilities for the local chapter of the International Order of Odd Fellows on the top floor. At some point in the early 20th century, the central bays were of the main facade were removed and replaced by a glass curtain wall; this change was reversed to some degree in when the building was adapted for senior housing in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Beverley, also known as Bullskin, is a farm near Charles Town, West Virginia that has been a working agricultural unit since 1750. The narrow lane that leads from USA Route 340 to the Beverley complex was, in the 18th and 19th centuries a toll road. The main house was built about 1800 by Beverley Whiting on the site of a c. 1760 stone house. The house is Georgian influenced Federal style, with a later Greek Revival portico. A number of outbuildings dating to the original 1760 house accompany the main house. As noted in the nomination form Beverley is one of Jefferson Countys important architectural landmarks, the seat of an important agricultural complex of historic importance to the county and one that provides a sense of stability and continuity with the countys past.</p><br>
<p>The original land was purchased from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1750 by Richard Stephenson. During the course of the next decade, Stephenson constructed a stone residence, two stone outbuildings, and other farm-related structures and put into operation the farming business that still operates here today. It is not known exactly when the two extant stone structures were constructed, but they were certainly standing by 1760. The surviving outbuildings are among the oldest buildings in West Virginia. The west outbuilding served as a school for a time during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The east outbuilding was used as a kitchen. Due to their age, these stone outbuildings are individually listed as Jefferson County Historic Landmarks.</p><br>
<p>Richard Stephenson was the father of seven children, two of whom rose to prominence in the Revolutionary War. Colonel John Stephenson served with noted distinction, but it was his brother, Colonel Hugh Stephenson who is better remembered. He had served previously in the French and Indian Wars and in Lord Dunmores War. In 1775, he was recommended by George Washington to command one of the two Virginia rifle companies. Colonel Hugh Stephenson led the famous Bee Line March that left from Morgan Springs (near Shepherdstown) on July 16, 1775 and marched to Cambridge, Massachusetts to join the Continental Army, covering 600 miles in 24 days. Colonel Stephensons half-brother, Colonel William Crawford, who also lived at what is now known as Beverley for a time, was also a noted Revolutionary soldier who was burned at the stake by Indians in 1782. George Washington was friends with Richard Stephenson and notes in his journal that he stayed at Bullskin with Richard during a visit to his own property in the area in May 1760.George Washington Papers at the Library of Congress, 1741-1799: The Diaries of George Washington.</p><br>
<p>The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. I. 1748-65. Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig, eds. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976.image 334, George Washington performed the survey of the property for Richard Stephenson around 1750 which still survives to this day and is publicly displayed in the Boston Public Library.</p><br>
<p>The property passed by purchase from the Stephenson family to Dr. John Bull in 1777, and then to Beverley Whiting, in 1795. Beverley Whiting was a leading planter and man of affairs in post-Revolutionary Berkeley and Jefferson Counties, as evidenced by the fact that he served on the first grand jury empaneled in the newly formed Jefferson County, being sworn in on March 9, 1802. Around 1845 the name of the property was changed from "Bullskin" to "Beverley". Around 1870 the property was sold to John Burns, and the property has remained in the Burns family ever since.</p><br>
<p>The Hibernian Hall is a historic building at 182-186 Dudley Street in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The four story brick building was designed by Edward Thomas Patrick Graham, and built in 1913 for the Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization. It was the first of several Hibernian halls to be built in Roxbury, it is now one of only two Irish dance halls from the period to survive. Its ground floor was originally occupied by storefronts, with offices of the organization and a banquet hall on the second floor, and a large hall  on the third floor, which included a fourth-floor balcony. It remained a gathering place for local Irish residents through the 1960s, and was taken by foreclosure in 1960. It was then taken over by a non-profit focused on job training for local African Americans, which operated there until 1989. The building interior has suffered due to neglect and vandalism, but the basic form of the upper concert hall has survived.</p><br>
<p>The hall listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood-on-the-Opequon is a farmstead near Kearneysville, West Virginia. The farm complex exemplifies the evolution of a prosperous West Virginia farmstead through the 19th and 20th centuries. The house has expanded around an original log cabin, gradually expanding with major expansions in the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main house began in 1830 as a log house, evolving through additions to a rambling stuccoed farmhouse. The 1830 log cabin was a 1-story or 1-1/2 story single-pen structure. This was raised to two stories with a two-story wood frame addition, with the original chimney becoming an interior chimney. In 1906 the house was greatly expanded by a two-story addition, built at a 90 degree angle to the original house, and incorporating an earlier free-standing log kitchen. The addition is five bays wide on the lower level and four bays wide on the upper. The original part of the house has two rooms upstairs and downstairs with a side passage hall. The addition has three rooms downstairs and two upstairs, with a double-run stair. A wide porch is located on the main elevation and the north side.</p><br>
<p>The property includes a number of outbuildings and dependencies. A barn and a corn crib were built about 1906. The barn&#39;s interior is finished with beaded wood. A stuccoed log smokehouse with a pyramidal roof and a stone springhouse date to the 1830s. A small gazebo-like pavilion with a pyramidal roof acts as a wellhouse. An early 20th century icehouse has been converted to a garage.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood-on-the-Opequon was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 22, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Hermitage Cascade is a 4-metre cascade waterfall located in the Dundas Valley Conservation Area in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Its source is Hermitage Creek.</p><br>
<p>Nearby attractions include the Bruce Trail, Griffin House, Dundas Valley Trail Centre, Hamilton Conservation Authority Main Office, Fieldcote Museum, historic Ancaster Town Hall (built in 1871). There&#39;s also a convenience store, gas station, restaurant, motel and retail stores nearby.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property on which Hermitage Cascade is found was originally owned by Otto Ives, who bought it in 1833 and moved in with his wife and niece. Coachman William Black fell in love with the girl, and when Ives blocked the marriage proposal, Black went to the propertys gatehouse and killed himself. Suicides were rarely given cemetery burials in those days, so he was interred at the nearest crossroads, now locally known as Lovers Lane because of the ill-fated affair. It is believed that Black&#39;s final resting place is adjacent to property now owned by Chris Ecklund.</p><br>
<p>George Gordon Browne Leith purchased the Hermitage in 1855. The Hermitage itself was a magnificent place to behold and visit: its ground floor contained an opulent dining room, library, drawing room, and stately entrance all, all furnished with original works of art and the best furniture. Leith spent over 2000 pounds in modernizing the place. After his death in 1901, his daughter Alma bought the estate from the rest of the family and lived there until 1934, when a fire broke out during a party and burned the house down. All that can be seen today is the old gatehouse and the ruins.</p><br>
<p>Saint-Léonard underground lake  is located at Saint Léonard in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is formed where a bed of Triassic gypsum, emplaced within impervious Carboniferous strata, has been dissolved by groundwater. With a length of 300 and a width of 20 m it is the largest underground lake in Europe. It was discovered in 1943 by Jean-Jacques Pittard. Prior to 1946 the water-level was much higher, but an earthquake with a force of 5.6 on the Richter-scale opened additional fissures in the cave on January 25, 1946 made it more readily navigable. Its water is constantly at 11 &deg;C. The lake is accessible by the public since 1949. Visits are organized daily from March 15 to November 1, from 9 am to 5 pm. The visit is about half an hour long, and is held in English, French, German and Italian. Ticket-prices are 10 CHF for adults and 5 CHF for children.</p><br>
<p>Access to the lake was closed from 2000 to June 2003, whilst the stability of the site was improved by the addition of more than 5000 bolts driven into the ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The West Canfield Historic District is a neighborhood historic district located primarily on Canfield Avenue between Second and Third Streets in Detroit, Michigan. A boundary increase enlarged the district to include buildings on Third Avenue between Canfield and Calumet. The district was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1970 Nearby, East Canfield Avenue leads to the Detroit Medical Center complex, the Romanesque Revival styled St. Josaphat&#39;s Catholic Church, and the Gothic revival styled Sweetest Heart of Mary Catholic Church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area around the West Canfield Historic District was once owned by Lewis Cass, an early governor of Michigan. When he died in 1866, his two daughters inherited his holdings. Three years later, they divided the property, with Casss daughter Mary receiving the portion where the West Canfield Historic District is now located. Marys husband was Captain August Canfield, a graduate of West Point and a major investor in the construction of the ship canal at Sault Ste. Marie. In 1871, Mary Cass Canfield subdivided her land, naming Canfield Avenue in honor of her husband.</p><br>
<p>The street was populated by prosperous attorneys, physicians, dentists, architects, and other professionals. Construction continued into the 1880s. The street remained a prime residential location in Detroit for decades. In the 1930s, the Great Depression led to a decline in the neighborhood. In the 1960s, the neighborhood was revitalized and the historic streetscape was restored. New residents have continued to maintain and revitalize the vibrant Midtown neighborhood in the 21st century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In the early 1870s, numerous brick Queen Anne homes were constructed along Canfield, on spacious lots with generous setbacks.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1980s, the street was narrowed and returned to its original 1870s design with granite pavers, reproduction street lamps were installed, trees were planted, and grassy medians were added. In 1970, the District received state and local historical designation, the first district so recognized in the city. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places the following year. In 1997, District was expanded to include three buildings on Third Street: one additional Queen Anne style residence and two Victorian commercial buildings. In the new millennium, the vibrant neighborhood has experienced many renovations.</p><br>
<p>The Warren–Prentis Historic District is a historic district in Detroit, Michigan, including the east–west streets of Prentis, Forest, Hancock, and the south side of Warren, running from Woodward Avenue on the east to Third Avenue on the west. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The district includes residential, commercial, institutional, religious and other buildings, and the majority of the pre-1930s building stock remains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The land included in the Warren–Prentis Historic District was originally the Park Lots, the Cass Farm, and the Jones/Crane Farm; these parcels were subdivided in the late 19th century. Due in part to the large lot sizes and the streetcar lines along Woodward and Third, the district became popular with upper-class Detroit businessmen and professionals moving away from downtown. A number of these citizens moved into the area in the period between 1880 and 1895, commissioning residences.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1880s, apartment living became more popular, and the construction of duplexes and small apartments increased while the construction of single-family homes dropped off. Commercial development in the area increased in the early 20th century, peaking in the years between World War I and the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The area declined during the Depression, as the larger single-family homes became too costly to keep up. These homes were divided into rental units, and the area was fully utilized during the boom years of World War II. The area again began declining after the war, but in the 1990s signs of revival have been evident, as the nearby Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center draw people to the area.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>There are 108 individual historic structures in the Warren–Prentis Historic District. These include some buildings of individual historical significance:</p><br>
<p>Perry McAdow House (4605 Cass Avenue, at Prentis)</p><br>
<p>William C. Boydell House (4614 Cass Avenue, at Prentis)</p><br>
<p>Thompson Home (4756 Cass Avenue, at Hancock)</p><br>
<p>George W. Loomer House (71 W. Hancock Avenue)</p><br>
<p>Mulford T. Hunter House (77 W. Hancock Avenue)</p><br>
<p>Mackenzie House (4735 Cass Avenue)</p><br>
<p>Hilberry Theatre (4743 Cass Avenue, at Hancock)</p><br>
<p>Central High School (Old Main) (4841 Cass Avenue, at Hancock)</p><br>
<p>Jackson Volcano is an extinct volcano 2900 feet  beneath the city of Jackson, Mississippi, under the Mississippi Coliseum. The uplifted terrain around the volcano forms the Jackson Dome, an area of dense rock clearly noticeable in local gravity measurements. E.W. Hilgard published his theory of an anticline beneath Jackson in 1860 due to his observations of surface strata.The dome contains relatively pure carbon dioxide which is used in oil production in Gulf Coast oil fields. The noble gas data suggests mantle origins with a date of 70 million years for the Jackson Dome intrusion. Geologists have evidence of repeated uplifts accompanied by dike intrusions and volcanic extrusions, erosion, and sedimentation with one coral reef having developed during a submergence. Much of the oil at the crest of the dome volatilized during a late uplift, but oil production wells numbered over a hundred in 1934.</p><br>
<p>Jackson Volcano is believed to have been extinct for at least 66 million years. A hypothesis states that the Jackson Volcano and related igneous activity in Mississippi were a result of the North America Plate&#39;s passage over the Bermuda hotspot 66 million years ago. Alternatively, the volcanism may have been part of a worldwide eruption driven by superplumes, similar to the conditions that created the Deccan Traps and the Siberian Traps.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is one of four inside cities in the United States, Diamond Head in Honolulu, Hawaii, Pilot Butte in Bend, Oregon, and Mount Tabor in Portland, Oregon being the others. The volcano was discovered in 1819.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>During the Late Cretaceous, the Western Interior Seaway extended into present-day Mississippi forming the Mississippi embayment and depositing the Tuscaloosa Formation. Igneous activity progressed along an arc in the northern Gulf of Mexico Basin starting with the Prairie Creek lamproite (110 Ma) in the west to the Magnet Cove (105 Ma), Granite Mountain (90 Ma), Monroe-Sharkey Uplift with its Midnight Volcano (80 Ma), and finally the Jackson Dome (70 Ma) in the east. The Jackson intrusion metamorphosed the Cotton Valley formation and deformed it into a dome structure. Thus, the Tuscaloosa consists of ash and tuff at the dome and eroded igneous rock away from the dome. Volcanic material is also found in the overlying Eutaw Formation. Subsidence and sea level rise resulted in the deposition of the chalk and limestone of the Selma Group. Natural gas accumulated in the Selma "gas rock" limestone underlying the Clayton limestone. The structure was noticed by Hopkins in 1917 and a successful gas well was drilled in 1930, but the field was nearly exhausted by 1939. Jackson Volcano ash within the Eutaw Formation produces oil in the Tinsley Oil Field, where oil was first discovered in the Woodruff Sandstone (Selma Chalk), an eroded sand from Jackson.</p><br>
<p>Hajikabul is the sixth largest lake of Azerbaijan.</p><br>
<p>It is located to the south-west of Baku, near Shirvan city, in Hajigabul Rayon, not far from a railway station. Its total area is 1668 ha, maximal length - 6 km, maximal width - 3 km and depth - 5 m. The lake is supplied by waters of the Kura River, with a special channel. Temperature of water hesitates between 5 °C and 28,5 °C. Pellucidity of water is between 0,06 and 2,5 m. Barbel, carp, sheatfish, pike, zander and grass carp are commercial fishes of the lake. Water plants such as reed mace, reed, bulrush, buttercup and hornwort are met in the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is located in Kur-Araz Lowland. It formed in the result of withdrawal of the Caspian Sea in a definite geological period. Spring flows of the Kura River increase the area of the lake.</p><br>
<p>It doesn’t freeze in winter and has a great significance for hibernation of migratory birds.</p><br>
